ATMOSPHERIC FALLS (DRY, WET) – INDICATOR OF CLIMATIC-CHEMICAL INTERACTION ASSESSMENT Hydrometeorological Research Institute UZHYDROMET Dr. Galina A. TOLKACHEVA Yuliya Kovalevskaya Tatyana Smirnova albatros.uz

Objectives of the investigation is as following:  assessment of atmosphere composition on the regional level under anthropogenic impact (Aral crisis)  selection of indicators of atmosphere pollution by greenhouse gases  assessment of the role of atmospheric falls (dry, precipitation) as indicators of atmosphere pollution by greenhouse gases, including troposphere aerosols;  data base creation on chemical composition of atmospheric falls (dry, precipitation), anthropogenic emissions into atmosphere, non- standard information on environmental pollution.

Table 1 Table 1 Greenhouse gases: Water vapor, carbon dioxide (carbon monoxide precursor), methane, ozone, (nitric oxide precursors, VOC), troposphere aerosols, nitrous oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons Over Uzbekistan: Over Uzbekistan: Annual sum emission of carbon dioxide on the data of national cadastre of emission and greenhouse gases discharge ~ 90 million ton.,Aerosol coming into atmosphere just from dried part of the Aral Sea and its area of water – more than 120 million ton annually.

Table 2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE (background, regional) ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION background atmosphere composition, % regional atmosphere composition, % oxygen20,9920,99 nitrogen78,0378,03 argon0,940,94 carbonic acid (gas) 0,30,35 hydrogen0,010,01 water vapor От 0,1 до 4 До 4 trace of aerosols 0,020,04 trace of another gases : helium, neon, krypton, xenon Polluting compounds : (SO2, NOX, CO, dust, organic compounds, heavy metals) trace0,2

API 7 - high and very high SITY Population (thousand) Area Sqr.km TASHKENT2121,0259,35,325,655,925,95 ALMALYK117,1197,06,226,985,525,08 ANGREN132,81106,05,933,333,634,2 CHIRCHIK41,925,06,014,243,473,35 CHANGES OF ATMOSPHERE POLLUTION INDEX (API ) OVER TASHKENT AND TASHKENT PROVINCE

Proportion of water-soluble mineral components in dry atmosphere falls at sampling point

Composition and volume of industrial emissions over Almalyk and Tashkent Таблица 4 pollution compounds AlmalykTashkent Thousand ton/year% Thousand ton/year% Solid matter 4,1154,111,44411,37 Sulphur dioxide 89,57189,540,4973,91 Carbon oxide 4,6624,665,24441,31 Nitric oxide 0,9850,982,34918,50 Carbohydrates 0,001 2,29218,05 Volatile organic compounds 0,005 0,7726,08 The others 0,70,690,0960,76 Total 100, ,694100

Concentration of particulate particles in air of cities having more than 100 thousand people in 1996 (according Hydrometservice of Uzbekistan data) Content of PAH sum in atmospheric air of industrial cities of Uzbekistan Solid matter dust Standards WHO Standards of Uzbekistan mg/m 3 Tashkent Angren Chirchik Fergana Almalyk Bekabad ng/m 3

Dynamics of flux density changes of sulphates, chlorides, and hydrocarbonates according many years data at the stations of Uzbekistan

Flux density Flux density of falls at Fergana Flux density/ 10 HCO 3 Cl * 10 1 month2 month3 month4 month

Change of total flux density over provinces Change of flux density of fall at the station Abramov glacier

Proportion of carbonic acid forms in accordance with pH of water (% mol.) Table 4 FormрН [H 2 CO 3 ] [HCO 3 - ] [CO 3 2- ]

Annual mineralization (a) and precipitation total (b)

Concentration change dynamical of sulphates in the precipitation Concentration change dynamical of nitrates in the precipitation

Concentration change dynamical of hydrocarbonates in the sample of precipitation

Concentration change dynamical of calcium and magnesium in the samples of precipitation

Primary compounds composition of precipitation over different districts of Uzbekistan