This project is funded by the European Union Consumer aspects in telecoms regulation Peter Lundy MSc DIC BSc(Eng) Information and Communications Technology consultant November

This project is funded by the European Union Overview End user rights in the telecoms legislation Contract law Data protection European legislation on distance contracts, e-commerce and unfair commercial practices Roles of the telecom regulators 2

This project is funded by the European Union Before liberalisation Before liberalisation, providing telecommunications services was a task of the state Providing good quality for low price under fair conditions was therefore also a task of the state – but it did not work very well 3

This project is funded by the European Union First steps of liberalisation In a licensing regime, end user rights are often ensured by the licences Providing good quality for low price is sometimes a criterion for licencing, for example in beauty contests Fair conditions are often ensured by licence conditions 4

This project is funded by the European Union Fully liberalised market Instead of detailed requirements on quality and price, the state only requires transparency: providers must publish information that consumers can compare Unfair business methods remain forbidden and the institutional framework against them is strengthened 5

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion Which types of consumer complaints are reported to; – Operators? – Regulators? – Consumer and business associations? – Other bodies? 6

This project is funded by the European Union Examples of consumer problems Prices, how to find cheap services Unsolicited calls Mis-selling, changing the operator without consent Premium rate services, surprisingly high bills, unsubscrubing from premium rate services text messages 7

This project is funded by the European Union Terminology Legal definitions (art. 2 Framework Directive) – User: who uses or requests a service (including providers) – End-user: not including providers – Subscriber: who has the contract – Consumer: who does not use the service for his trade, business or profession 8

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion Telephones used in a family: who is user, who is subscriber? Internet access by a company: who is user, who is subscriber? Is a prepaid customer a subscriber? Is a small („one man“) enterprise a consumer? 9

This project is funded by the European Union Affordability of tariffs Art. 9 Universal Service Directive No precise definition of „affordable“, reference to „national consumer prices and income“ Member states may; – require special tariffs for users with low income or special social needs – require geographical averaging 10

This project is funded by the European Union Control of expenditure (1) Art. 10 and Annex I Part A Universal Service Directive; – Itemised billing – Selective call barring – Pre-payment systems – Phased payment of connection fees – Non-payment of bills 11

This project is funded by the European Union Control of expenditure (2) These are obligations for designated universal service providers But in many Member States some of these obligations apply to a larger group of operators, e.g. all providers of publicly accessible telephone services (PATS) 12

This project is funded by the European Union Itemised billing NRAs must be able to specify a basic level of detail that allows consumers to verify and control the charges and exercise a reasonable degree of control; – in practice: one line per call Basic level of detail must be free of charge Free calls, including calls to helplines, not to be identified in the itemised bill 13

This project is funded by the European Union Selective call barring Must be provided free of charge Subscriber must be able to bar outgoing calls of defined types or to defined types of numbers Directive does not specify details Typical options: calls to value added service numbers, in mobile networks also; roaming related call barring 14

This project is funded by the European Union Pre-payment systems, phased payment NRA must be able to require designated universal service providers to offer pre- payment systems NRA must be able to require designated universal service providers to allow consumers to pay the connection fee phased over time 15

This project is funded by the European Union Non-payment of bills Proportionate, non-discriminatory and published measures Due warning must be given before interruption or disconnection Service interruption only for the service concerned (exceptions: fraud, persistent late payment or non-payment) 16

This project is funded by the European Union Contracts Art. 20 Universal Service Directive Minimum content of contracts; – Applies to consumers, but member states may extend the scope to all subscribers Subscribers can withdraw from contracts, if the provider changes the conditions 17

This project is funded by the European Union Transparency Art. 21 and Annex II Universal Service Directive Minimum information that must be published by providers, including contractual conditions, tariffs, compensation policy, maintenance, dispute settlement mechanisms 18

This project is funded by the European Union Operator assistance, directories Subscribers have a right to have an entry in the comprehensive directory Subscribers must be able to call operator assistance services and directory enquiry services 19

This project is funded by the European Union Numbering issues European emergency call number 112 Standard international access code 00 Non-geographic numbers accessible from other member states Tone-dialling, calling line identification (CLI) Number portability 20

This project is funded by the European Union Out-of-court dispute resolution Member states must ensure transparent, simple and inexpensive out-of-court procedures Details left to the member state to decide, but many member states assign such tasks to the NRA 21

This project is funded by the European Union Contracts 22

This project is funded by the European Union Introduction In the times of the monopoly, the legal relation between phone users and the operator was the relation between a citizen and a public authority In an liberalised environment, this changed to a contractual relation between a subscriber and a service provider 23

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion You go to a shop and buy a pre-paid SIM-Card. With whom do you conclude a contract? What is the content of this contract?

This project is funded by the European Union In practice Almost every kind of commercial activity is based on contracts Most of these contracts are not concluded written form It most cases it would not be possible to determine all details of the contract In most cases it would be difficult to enforce the contract in case of a dispute

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion How can a company change its existing long- term contracts, for example the monthly price?

This project is funded by the European Union Data protection / Privacy 27

This project is funded by the European Union EU legislation Directive 95/46/EC: General data protection directive – scope: all personal data, all „controllers“ who process personal data Directive 2002/58/EC: Privacy in electronic communications – scope: subscribers, users, providers of electronic communications networks and services 28

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 95/46/EC Art. 6 Principles relating to data quality – Personal data must be collected for a certain, legitimate purpose, and most not be processed contrary to that purpose – Personal data must be kept up to date, and must be deleted when no longer needed for the purpose 29

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 95/46/EC Art. 7 Criteria for making processing legitimate – consent by the data subject – processing necessary to fulfil a contract – processing necessary to fulfil a legal obligation – task carried out in the public interest –... 30

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 95/46/EC Rights of data subjects – Right to be informed about processing personal data – Right to object – Right to access own personal data – Right of rectification or deletion 31

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 2002/58/EC Confidentiality of communications Strict rules on processing traffic data: delete as soon as possible Itemised bill shall protect interests of other calling users (who are not the subscriber) or called users Rules how users can restrict CLI 32

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 2002/58/EC Rules on processing location data: consent needed Directories: subscribers must have the possibility to decide whether they want be included – but no clear opt-in or opt-out principle Rules against unsolicited messages (automated calling systems, spam) 33

This project is funded by the European Union Data retention Directive 2006/24/EC Turns the principle that personal data shall be deleted as soon as possible upside down Providers shall store telephony data and Internet data (but not the transmitted content) for 6 months to 2 years, for law enforcement purposes 34

This project is funded by the European Union Distance contracts, electronic commerce,... 35

This project is funded by the European Union EU legislation Distance Contracts Directive 97/7/EC Distance marketing of consumer financial services, Directive 2002/65/EC E-Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC 36

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 97/7/EC Distance contract: wide definition, includes selling per telephone, mail-order catalogues, websites,... Detailed information requirements, in particular identity of the supplier, price, delivery costs,... 37

This project is funded by the European Union Directive 97/7/EC Right of withdrawal – consumer can withdraw without stating any reason – without penalty or charge (only delivery costs for returning) – within 7 working days (financial services: 14 or 30 days) – some exceptions 38

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion What does this mean in practice? – for selling telephone services via call centres or websites? – for provision of value added services? 39

This project is funded by the European Union E-Commerce Directive Information obligations Rules how to conclude a contract via websites and – technical steps must be explained, a possibility to correct errors must be given, possibility to store the contract Rules on advertising 40

This project is funded by the European Union Unfair Commercial Practices Directive Forbids misleading and aggressive commercial practices – abstract definition in articles 5 to 9 – many concrete examples in annex 1 (same list applies in all member states) Applies to business-to-consumer relationship 41

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion Do you know examples of misleading or aggressive commercial practices in the telecoms sector? 42

This project is funded by the European Union The role of Telecom regulators in consumer protection 43

This project is funded by the European Union Transparency Publication of general business conditions Publication of tariffs Tariff calculator on the website – requires lot of timely updates and programming in order to take new tariff options into account 44

This project is funded by the European Union Public relations Reacting to consumer issues in individual press releases Annual report Information on consumers‘ issues on the regulator‘s website – on most regulators‘ websites, this is one of the first items in the navigation 45

This project is funded by the European Union Quality of service Possibility to regulate it, if necessary Trend, not to require certain level of QoS, but only to require transparency 46

This project is funded by the European Union General business conditions A regulator can enforce the rules – from the telecoms acquis, for example minimum content – from other parts of legislation, e.g. unfair clauses 47

This project is funded by the European Union General business conditions Methods of enforcement – Misdemeanour provisions only in serious cases – Obliging operators to change business conditions in cases of complaint evaluation of all general business conditions as a regular activity 48

This project is funded by the European Union Consumer complaints Out-of-court dispute settlement on case-by- case basis – task of many EU regulators and/or dealing with consumer issues on a more general level – for example the Ofcom Consumer Panel explicitly states that it does not deal with individual complaints 49

This project is funded by the European Union Expertise Provision of expertise to consumer protection institutions, in individual cases Regular exchange of information with such institutions Staff of the regulator acts as court experts 50

This project is funded by the European Union Discussion Which consumer protection activities do your regulators currently perform? Cooperation between regulators and consumer protection institutions? 51