Part 4. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0 Three ways of.

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Presentation transcript:

Part 4

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Three ways of organizing a 96-bit memory.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Number of bits per cell for some historically interesting commercial computers

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved (a) Big endian memory (b) Little endian memory

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved (a) A personal record for a big endian machine. (b) The same record for a little endian machine. (c) The result of transferring from big endian to little endian. (d) The result of byte-swapping (c).

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Number of check bits for a code that can correct a single error

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved (a) Encoding of 1100 (b) Even parity added (c) Error in AC

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Construction of the Hamming code for the memory word by adding 5 check bits to the 16 data bits.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The cache is logically between the CPU and main memory. Physically, there are several possible places it could be located.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A single inline memory module (SIMM) holding 256 MB. Two of the chips control the SIMM.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A portion of a disk track. Two sectors are illustrated.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A disk with four platters.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A disk with five zones. Each zone has many tracks.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Some of the possible SCSI parameters.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved RAID levels 0 through 2. Backup and parity disks are shown shaded.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved RAID levels 3 through 5. Backup and parity disks are shown shaded.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Recording structure of a Compact Disk or CD- ROM.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Logical data layout on a CD-ROM.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Cross section of a CD-R disk and laser (not to scale). A CD-ROM has a similar structure, except without the dye layer and with a pitted aluminum layer instead of a reflective layer.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A double-sided, dual layer DVD disk.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Physical structure of a personal computer.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Logical structure of a simple personal computer.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A typical modern PC with a PCI bus and an ISA bus.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved (a) Cross section of a CRT (b) CRT scanning pattern

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved (a) The construction of an LCD screen. (b) The grooves on the rear and front plates are perpendicular to one another.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A mouse being used to point to menu items.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved (a) The letter “A” on a 5 x 7 matrix. (b) The letter “A” printed with 24 overlapping needles.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Operation of a laser printer.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Halftone dots for various gray scale ranges. (a) 0 – 6. (b) 14 – 20. (c) 28 – 34. (d) 56 – 62. (e) 105 – 111. (f) 161 – 167.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved  Transmission of the binary number over a  telephone line bit by bit. (a) Two-level signal. (b) Amplitude  modulation. (c) Frequency modulation. (d) Phase modulation.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Operation of ADSL.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A typical ADSL equipment configuration.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Frequency allocation in a typical cable TV system used for Internet access

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Typical details of the upstream and downstream channels in North America. QAM-64 (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) allows 6 bits/Hz but only works at high frequencies. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) works at low frequencies but allows only 2 bits/Hz.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved A digital camera.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The ASCII Character set: characters 0 – 31.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The ASCII Character set: characters 32 – 127.