Systems Development Dr. Ashok Agarwal

Development Models RAD Waterfall Proto type –RAD / Waterfall

System Development life cycle System Requirement Document System Design Document System Specification Document Test Plans Study of existing system Defining user needs Gaps, if any Conceptual Design. Detailed Design Design Database Design Processes Detailed Programming. Testing Conversion Training of end users On-going maintenance Systems Analysis Systems Design & Development Implementation

Prototyping Identify basic requirements Develop a working prototype Use the prototype User satisfied Revise & enhance prototype Operational prototype No Yes

End-user Computing Tools Developed by end users with no assistance from technical group Manager Staff MIS Management Systems Analyst Programmer Months TRADITIONAL End-user Computing Tools Minutes or Days END USERS Design Programming Test

The Onsite - Offshore Model Review Reports, Test Reports, Walk Through, Internal Quality Audit, Non conformance, Change Control Document Proj. Mgt. Plan, Quality Plan, Master Proj. Plan, Wkly. Plans, Time Sheets, Proj. Status Report, Milestone Status Report Communication Review Meetings Design Detailing Setup Environment Study / Design (SDD) On site SQL Star Offshore Development Center Acceptance Training Support Coding, Testing Reworks Testing Client

Onsite - Offshore Model - Project Organization Structure On Site Core Team Offshore Project Manager Project Leader Architect SE QA ML1 ML2 ML3

Business Process Reengineering Need to redesign business processes before introducing computers. Mortgage Application Process - Example Before BPR After BPR

Before Reengineering Credit Reporting Organization of loan: paper application Prequalification Document Generation Application Processing Credit Analysis & underwriting Approval & Closing Loan limit estimates Loan structuring options Maximum monthly payment estimates Application Documents Disclosure Documents Compliance Documents Credit analysis worksheets Appraisal Title search Credit checking & scoring Closing calculations Closing documents Set up for servicing Servicing of loan in multiple locations by specialists in credit analysis and underwriters Payment Processing & Reporting Escrow Management Customer service Collections, bankruptcies & foreclosures Payment accounting Statements Tax reporting Hazard insurance accounting Private mortgage insurance accounting Property tax accounting Balance inquiries Escrow inquiries Statement requests Late payment notices Management of delinquent accounts Loan servicing by specialists in insurance and escrow Value and risk Transfer to secondary market Loan inventory Gain/loss calculations Risk Mgmt Loan purchase & sale Mgmt Loan pooling Loan shipment

After Reengineering Loan Origination Team Regional Production Center Loan Origination Team Servicing Field Rep Laptop Information Customer Preapproved Credit limit Dial-up network of intranet Loan servicing by specialists working as a team Regional production center:teams process open applications Loan processing by teams of loan representatives who handle whole cases

Work Flow Management Automating processes for routing documents to different locations,securing approvals scheduling and generating reports. Ability to retrieve document/file. Multiple people working on the same document in parallel, if necessary

Key Processes Project Management Testing & Reviews Configuration Management Documentation

Project Management For development projects For maintenance projects Driven by requirements / study Emphasis on design For maintenance projects Driven by change requests Emphasis on impact analysis

Process Flow – Software Development Marketing Request for Proposal from prospective client Proposal Proposal Team Contract Signed Project Initiation & Planning Requirements Study Requirements Specification Document Design Design Documents Development Testing & Quality Assurance Software Delivery User Acceptance & Sign-off Post delivery support / warranty

Process Flow (Development Projects) Contract Review PMP & QP Requirements Specification (Prototype) System Design Development & Testing Configuration Management

Process Flow (Maintenance Projects) Contract Review PMP & QP Requirements Specification / Change Requests Impact Analysis & System Specifications Development & Testing Configuration Management

Project Planning Process Project Initiation Project Initiation Note Project Requirements Note Allocation of Resources Preparation of PMP & QP PMP & QP Applying Methodology mentioned in PMP & QP till the project closure Review & Approval of PMP & QP PSR,MIS, Review Reports, Audit Reports, C & PA action point …

Testing Will the System produce desired results? Extremely complex and time consuming and FRUSTRATING Test Plan – Prepared by development team along with “USERS”. Unit Testing : System Testing : Acceptance Testing : Testing each program separately. Test the system as a whole. Final certification.

Testing & Reviews All the documents are reviewed All the software components are tested Metrics collected on defects, schedules and efforts Analysis done and improvements suggested

Testing Process Reviewed TP SSD Standards Coding / Rework Testing by SE Bug Free Add TCs TPA by SE No Yes Apply SCM Testing by PM Defect logging Assessment Defect Assignment Rework / Initial Initial Coding Update the defect DB Testing by QA TPA by QAE Mark for release

Configuration Management Change Management How the requests are received How they are addressed & closed Version Management How different versions are managed What are the changes in each version

Change Management Receive the change requests Document the changes into CCD Receive the change requests A Testing by QA CCD Closure Release to QA PM Reviews the work Developer completes the coding & testing Assign CCD work to Developer Prepare the specification Documents & Test Plans Get the approval Study the impact, estimate efforts & schedule (PM)

Customer Focus/Satisfaction Customer Feedback Customer Satisfaction Rating Analysis and action

Documentation Process Documents Technical Documents Project Management Plan Quality Plan Technical Documents Requirements Specification Document User Interface Standards Document System Analysis Document System Design Document System Specification Document User Manual System Manual

DETAILED DOCUMENTATION & END USER TRAINING REQUIRED Conversion Process of changing Old System to New System. Parallel Approach : EXPENSIVE Danger of both systems operating Direct Cut over : On a appointed time changeover “VERY RISKY” Pilot Study : Introduce in Limited Area and expand. Phased Approach – Implement in stages. DETAILED DOCUMENTATION & END USER TRAINING REQUIRED

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