4-1: Launching a New Nation 4-2: The Birth of Political Parties How did President Washington set the course for the new nation? How did two political parties emerge?

What do these symbols stand for? Anticipatory Set Who is this man? What do these symbols stand for?

California Standards Social Studies Standard 8.3.4: Understand the conflicts between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton resulted in the emergence of two political parties. Social Studies Standard 8.3.5: Know the significance of domestic resistance movements and ways in which the central government responded to such movements.

California Standards Social Studies Standard 8.4.1: Describe the country’s physical landscapes, political divisions, and territorial expansion during the terms of the first four presidents. Reading Vocabulary 8.1.1: Analyze idioms, analogies, metaphors, and similes to infer the literal and figurative meanings of phrases.

Input inauguration: a ceremony in which the President takes the oath of office. precedent: an example to be followed by others in the future. bond: a certificate issued by a government for an amount of money that the government promises to pay back with interest.

Input speculator: people who invest in a risky venture in hope of making a large profit. unconstitutional: contrary to what is permitted by the Constitution. tariff: a tax on imported goods. faction: a well organized political group.

Input The First Presidency Congress and the President chose people to run the institutions created by the Constitution. Congress passed laws creating 3 departments for the executive branch: Treasury Department State Department War Department Each department would be lead by a secretary appointed by the President.

Input Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson was appointed the first Secretary of State by Washington. Jefferson was responsible for managing relations with foreign countries. He was a strong supporter of the French Revolution. Jefferson supported states’ rights.

Secretary of the Treasury Input Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton was appointed the first Secretary of the Treasury by Washington. Hamilton was responsible for developing a plan to solve the new nation’s financial problems. He supported a strong federal government. Hamilton believed the U.S. should maintain a strong alliance to the British.

Input Secretary of War Henry Knox was appointed the first Secretary of War by Washington. Knox was Chief Artillery Officer for Washington during the Revolutionary War. He is famous for ending the siege of Boston by hauling cannons 300 miles, over mountains, from upstate New York to Boston during the winter of 1775-76.

Input Attorney General Edmund Randolph was appointed the first Attorney General by Washington. Randolph introduced the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. He proposed the establishment of a national court system at the convention. Randolph succeeded Jefferson as Secretary of State when he resigned in 1793.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Input Hamilton’s Financial Plan The federal government owed millions of dollars but lacked money with which to pay its debts. Alexander Hamilton proposed a three-part plan to address the economic crisis. 1. The U.S. government would fully assume all federal and state debts. 2. The government would charter a national bank for depositing government funds. 3. The government would impose a high tariff on goods imported into the country.

Input The Whiskey Rebellion When Pennsylvania farmers rebelled against a federal tax on whiskey, President Washington responded with armed force. In 1791, Congress imposed a tax on all whiskey made and sold in the U.S. Many farmers organized protests and refused to pay the tax. In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled, burning down the home of a tax collector. Washington sent 13,000 troops to stop the rebellion.

Republicans Against Federalists Input Republicans Against Federalists Believed people should have political power Favored strong state government Emphasized agriculture Favored strict interpretation of Constitution Were pro-French Opposed national bank Opposed protective tariff Believed wealthy and educated should lead Favored strong central government Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade Favored loose interpretation of Constitution Were pro-British Favored national bank Favored protective tariff

Input The Election of 1796 The 1796 election gave the United States a Federalist President and a Republican Vice President. John Adams, a New Englander, had been Washington’s Vice President. Thomas Jefferson, a Virginian, received the second-most votes and became Vice President. Serious tensions developed between the two parties over the next four years. Northern states supported Adams while Southern states supported Jefferson.

RC Input Reading Vocabulary 1.1: Figurative Language idiom: a common expression in which the words don’t really mean what they say. When you read an idiom, think about what the writer has described. Try to picture the image, and then fit it into the sentence content. simile: a comparison between two basically unlike things (like, as, or resembles). The comparison in a simile helps the reader to imagine the description more fully. DAY 2 WITH RC PRACTICE

EXTENSION Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes. Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.