ANDERSON SEPARATOR™ ENGINEERED PRODUCTS Product Overview

Engineered Equipment Engineered Systems Filtration Services Gas/Liquid Gas Solid Liquid/Solids Engineered Systems Project Management Pre-assembled Systems Modular Skid Systems Filtration Services Liquid Filter Elements Air/Gas Filter Elements Coalescing Filter Elements Micron Ratings from 0.3 µm Custom Sizes

Methods of Gas / Liquid Separation Gravity Centrifugal Demister Pad Vanes Filter Coalescer

Gravity Separation X 3X Slow the gas down allowing droplets and particles to fall out Practical limits to this process Drain

Other Separation Devices Relying Primarily Upon Gravity Settling Gravity Separation Other Separation Devices Relying Primarily Upon Gravity Settling

Centrifugal Separation Separation Devices Relying Primarily Upon Centrifugal Force Centrifugal separation removes particles by imparting a spin on the gas. Not of the separation equipment we sell has any moving parts in them. Therefore when we talk about imparting a spin we do it in one of two ways. The first is shown on the far left of the slide (while looking at it). By bring the gas flow in tangentially to the diameter of the vessel we can cause the gas to spin. The other way is shown in the other two picture. By forcing the gas to pass through a louvered element we can also cause the gas to spin. An example of this would be to place a ball on the floor of your car and go around a corner fast. The balls rolls to the outside of the curve in the same way a particle would move to the outside wall of the vessel. Once the particle contacts the wall it is slowed down and gravity can take over and remove it from the gas stream.

Demister Separation

Separation Devices Relying Primarily Upon Impingement Vane Separation Separation Devices Relying Primarily Upon Impingement

Filter Separation Separation Devices Relying Primarily Upon Filtration Packed Granulated Filter Media

Expected Efficiencies of Separation Methods EFFICIENIES Gravity 20 – 100 Microns Centrifugal 10 Micron Demister Pad 3 –10 Micron Vanes 3 – 8 Micron Filter Coalescer 0.3 Micron

What is a Micron? 25.4 mm 25,400 MICRONS 1 MICRON .000039 INCH LOWEST LIMIT OF VISIBILITY (NAKED EYE) 40 MICRONS MICROSCOPIC 0.2 uM TO 40 uM ULTRA-MICROSCOPIC .001 uM to 0.2 uM

Micron Basics -SIZE COMPARISON TABLES US SIEVE # MESH/INCH OPEN- INCH OPEN-MICRON 50 52 .0117 297 70 72 .0083 210 100 101 .0059 149 140 143 .0041 105 200 200 .0029 74 270 270 .0021 53 325 323 .0017 44 400 --- .0015 37 INCHES MILLIMETERS MICRONS 1.0 25.4 25,400 0.0394 1.0 1,000 1/64 -- 400 0.0000394 .001 1.0

PARTICLE SIZES Ultra Microscopic Microscopic Normal Eyesight Microns .001 .01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 Tobacco Smoke FOG MIST Rain Drop Quiet Atmosphere Disturbed Atmosphere Sea Salt N H4Cl Fumes Sulfied Ore Oil Smoke Spray-Dried Milk Virus & Protein Bacteria Pollens Dust Causing Lung Damage Rosin Smoke H2 SO4 Mist Ground Limestone Carbon Black SO3 Mist Stoker Fly Ash Pigments Pulverized Coal Oil Smoke Pulverized Coal Fly Ash Zinc Oxide Fumes Foundry Dust Alkali Fumes Cement Dust Metallurgical Fumes Metallurgical Dust Talc Human Hair Silica Blood Corpuscle Streptococcus Pyogenes Cyclone Separators PARTICLE SIZES ANDERSON Hi-EF AMCS - Multi-Cyclone 5.0 3.0 AFS - Filter Separator ACF - Coalescing Filter 0.3 Microns

Efficiency What do People Mean? - Percent Removal Rate - Total Removed by Count % Of Total Particles Of A Certain Range or Minimum Size. i.e. 99% of all particles 10 microns and larger. i.e. 100% of all liquid particles 8 microns and larger, and 100% of all solid particles 8 microns and larger.

Anderson’s Separation Methods All Mechanical Gravity Centrifugal Impingement Filtering

General Applications Gas Processing Compressed Air Industrial Markets Power Generation

Natural Gas Processing Applications OIL/GAS WELL HEAD GAS CONDITIONING TRANSMISSION STATIONS DISTRIBUTION STATIONS/CITY GATE COMPRESSOR STATIONS METERING STATIONS OFF-SHORE PRODUCTION TURBINE & COMPRESSOR PACKAGERS

Compressed Air Applications COMPRESSOR OEMs AFTERCOOLER-EXCHANGER OEMs AIR DRYING INDUSTRIAL USE PLANT MAINTENANCE One of the largest single dollar opportunity in the compressed air market is the compressor OEM. People like Gardner Denver, Ingersoll Rand, SulAir, and Quincy all use over one thousand cast iron and smaller fabricated units a year. Most of this units are used at the discharge of the compressor and are there to remove both water and oil. Separators are used at the discharge of after coolers. The aftercooler is there to cool down the air after it leaves the compressor. Once the air is cooled any water vapor in the air stream can condense and needs to be removed. Other applications include using separators before air dryers and desiccant beds. By placing separators before these device the efficiencies can be greatly increased. It is possible to perform pay back analysis on units used before desiccant beds. Almost all industrial accounts that use compressed air have problems with either water or oil or both in there air lines. The main reasons tend to be that the separator / drying system that was supplied with the OEM equipment ends up not being sized correctly for the actual in field operating conditions. We can attach this problem in two ways. First, if money is a concern we can offer our small line type separators for point of use applications. Secondly if the customer is serious about addressing the problem a larger vane type separator will normally correct most problems.

Industrial Applications Petrochemical Refining Chemical Production Polymer Production Steel Mills Pulp and Paper Production Refrigeration The industrial market place includes many industries and the applications are various. One of the larger portions of this market is removing condensate from steam lines. Steam is used in many industrial applications. Separators are often found in main steam lines and before heat exchangers and dryers. Cleaning up steam before the dryers in the pulp and paper industry is a great application for the Anderson L type separators.

Power Generation Applications Fuel Gas Conditioning Internal Steam Drum Separators - HRSG Steam Turbine - Combined Cycle Air Atomization The power generation market place is the largest growth market at this time. A large majority of the growth in this market is being realized at the turbine OEM’s. Anderson / NFS supplies a large portion of the fuel gas conditioning equipment to Siemens Westinghouse, GE, and Alstom Power. Do not be upset if you do not have a turbine OEM in your territory. Many of the BOP (Balance of Plant) requirements for the fuel gas conditioning equipment is being specified and bought at A&Es through out the country. In some case the equipment is even being purchased by local contractors. With new plant coming on line in just about every state everyone has and opportunity to participate in this market. Anderson also supplies internal drum separators to many of the HRSG manufactures. Fuel gas conditioning projects are typically large dollar projects. The fuel gas conditioning separators for a gas fire combined cycle plant will normally be a $100,000+ project. This is the end of the second portion of the presentation. This is another good stopping point for a break. At this point in the presentation it is good to recap what has been covered. We covered basic separation technologies and then looked at typical applications. I.e. What the product is and where it is used.

Anderson’s Vane Type Separators AVS - Inline vane Separator AVGS - Vertical Gas Separator AVB - Internal Boiler Drum Separator 100 % Removal of 8 Micron Liquid Particles Pocketed Vane Design We will now cover the various configurations and models that we have to offer. The actual model numbers are not important here unless this training is for a representative. The first separator that we will talk about is the vane type separator. The main thing to point out on this slide is the efficiency of a vane separator and the fact that we use a pocketed vane design.

Vane Designs GEN 1. AKA “CHEVRONS” - Now Used as Coalescer GEN 2. “HOOK TYPE”- Greater Liquid Retention GEN 3.- “HOOK 2”- Even Greater Liquid Retention- Higher P GEN. 4- “POCKET VANE” - CURRENT ANDERSON DESIGN Lowest  P of 2,3,&4. Highest Liquid Removal Most Efficient Separation /FT^2 = SMALLER DIAMETER SEPARATORS This slide shows the evolution of vanes. What you are looking at in the four boxes on the right side of the slide is a top down view of a vane box. Ina all cases the gas flow is from the left to right. Generation one shows what we call today a chevron. The main premise in all of these devices is that the gas can easily make it through the wavy path between the vane elements and the heavier liquid particles are going to impinge on the face of the vane. Once the particle impinges on the face of the vane gravity can take over and the liquid drains into the sump. With the generation one vane profile it is easy to see that a particle that impinge and or near the crest of the vane would have a good chance of being sheared off and reentrained into the gas stream. This is not good. This problem lead to adding hooks to the basic chevron design. This is shown as generation 2 and 3. These designs worked and are still supplied by some manufactures today. The problem with hook style vanes is that with the hooks hanging out into the gas stream both the differential pressure and the size of the vessel in which the vane box is fitted begins to grow. This short coming lead to the development of the pocketed style vane. This is the standard vane element for Anderson. The idea here is that a liquid particle that impinges on the face of the vane will travel up the face of the vane until it reaches a pocket. Once the liquid falls into the pocket it is out of the gas flow and can be drained out very easily. This makes the pocketed style vane the most efficient vane type separator offering the highest removal efficiencies with the smallest vane area. This means smaller vessels and lower pressure drops.

Vane Performance Standard Efficiency is 100% of 8 > Liquids only Some Solids Entrained with Liquid OK- Consult Factory Addition of a Coalescing Mesh Pad Increases Efficiencies to 100% of 3 > TURNDOWN IS EXCELLENT: Down to 10% of Design Flow in Every Case The other very important thing to point out about vane type separators is that they have a 10 to 1 turndown ratio. This means that the vane type separator will operate at the stated efficiencies from 10% to 110% of the design flow. THIS IS NOT THE CASE WITH ALL SEPARATORS. It is very important to take this into consideration when specifying separation equipment.

AVS Type In-Line Separators Custom Designed Per Application 100% of 8  Liquid Limited Solids - Pockets Can Plug Turndown ratio is 10 - 110% of Design Flow Vanes are 316 L SS Construction - Standard Removable Vane Design Available Increase to 100% of 3 With Mesh or Vane Coalesce Ideal For All Gas Processes No Slugging- 5% Maximum by Weight of Entrainment This slide shows a typical cross section of an inline vane separator. It is called and inline vane separator because the inlet and outlet are inline with each other. The vane box is welded into the vessel between the the inlet and outlet therefore all of the gas must travel through the vane. All of the points on the slide are applicable but most have been covered at this point. Take time here to point out that this unit is not recommend for high liquid loads or slugging applications. A typical vane is about 6 inches in depth. This would be the width of the box measured from left to right as you are looking at the slide. If a large amount of liquid impinges directly onto the face of the vane there is a high probability of carry over. In many gas processing applications the potential for intermittent high liquid loading conditions is common. For these types of applications we would specify the vertical gas type separator shown on the next slide.

TOP VIEW

AVGS Type Vertical Gas Separator Same Principle as The AVS Type Separator Primarily Used Where Liquid / Gas Ratios Exceed 5% by Weight Also Used For Slugs Or Where Liquid Hold Up Is Desired To De-gas Liquids This is the vertical gas separator. The main difference is that we have now moved the inlet nozzle down below the vane box. By doing this the large liquid loads can be removed in the first stage and then the gas must travel vertically upward and through the vane box.

AVGS Type Vertical Gas Separator

Double & Single Vane Bank Separators Units Specifically Designed For Steam Drums Same Technology As Previous Vane Separators Single VS. Double Depends On Several Factors / Same Performance Turndown 10-110 % of Operating Design Flow Custom Built Per Application 316L SS Vanes / CS Optional Another use for the vane type separator is to remove condensate from steam as it exits the boiler drum. As the customer base for this application is limited you do not need to spend a lot of tie on this slide but it is good to let reps and customers know that we can and do cover a wide range of separation applications.

Anderson’s Centrifugal Type Separators L and LC - Inline Separators Vertical Down Flow and Horizontal TL - Inline Separators Horizontal Shorter face to face 99% of 10  and Larger Liquid and Solid Particles Again the model numbers are not all that important unless you are training a rep. In that case I recommend that you have them go to the section of the catalog that pertains to this equipment so that they are familiar where to find the products in the catalog. Main thing to point out is the rated efficiencies.

Anderson’s Centrifugal Type Separators -Cont Combination Separator Traps - 81S, HS, HSW - Inline Exhaust Heads - Cast and Fabricated BI - Internal Steam Drum Separator Other centrifugal separators include the combination separator traps. These separator are typically threaded units 1/2” through 3” NPT and contain an integral float drained that automatically removes the liquid from the system. Exhaust head are centrifugal units that are typically used on atmospheric vents to remove particulate. Example maybe the vent on a lube oil tank or and atmospheric condensate return tank. BI are centrifugal separators that are used for internal steam drum / steam disengaging drums.

Anderson’s Centrifugal Type Separators - Cont. AMCS - Multi-Cyclone Separator Handles Heavy Solid Loadings 100% of 8  and Larger Liquid Particles 100% of 5  and Larger Solid Particles 99% of 5 to 8  and Larger Liquid Particles Another type of centrifugal separator is the multicyclone. We will discuss this in detail in an upcoming slide but point out here the efficiencies. Multicyclones are very good at removing solids. Almost as good as a filter separator but because they are a mechanical device they do not require any maintenance.

L Type Centrifugal Separator ASME Code Design Standard 2-1/2 Inch to 12 Inch Flanged unit standard Two Standard Models: 150 PSIG (10 BARG) @ 500 ºF (260 ºC) 300 PSIG (20 BARG) @ 500 ºF (260 ºC) Horizontal & Vertical Down Flow (Vert. Down Flow Has Higher Liquid Capacities) HI-EF Element Standard Low Press Drop (<1 PSI, .01 BAR F-F) Very Economical For ASME Code Unit Popular w/ Air Compressors / Steam Systems / Refining 99% of 10 : 2:1 TURNDOWN Solids & Liquids Maximum Entrainment: 5% By Weight

LS Type Centrifugal Separator “S” Stands For Special Any Special Material 304, 316, and Exotics Sizes Above 12” Non Standard Pressures Special Configurations Mix & Match Elements Popular w/ A&E Firms, OEMS Same Efficiency: 99% 10 , 2:1 Typical Turndown. 5% by Weight The S in LS stands for anything special

Anderson’s Centrifugal Type Separators wet gas HOW CENTRIFUGALS WORK PERFORMANCE QUICK SIZING Clean Gas We are now moving into our centrifugal type separators. This slide is animated and by pressing the same button you use to go to the next slide the arrows will progress through the vessel just as the gas would. First the gas enters the vessel and impinges on the top of the Hi-EF element. The gas then travels through the louvered element which causes the gas to begin to spin. Point out that there are no moving parts in any of our separators. The gas spins purely because of the geometry of the element. As the gas come out through the bottom of the element the liquid and solid particles are thrown to the outside of the vessel and drain off through the drain. The clean dry gas continues on and exits the separator.

AMCS Multi-Cyclone Centrifugal Separator Nested Multi-Cyclone Elements. Excellent For Dry Only, Low Maintenance Efficiency: 100% of 5  Solids, 100% of 8  Liquids. Versus HI-EF Centrifugal: More Efficient But Higher P (2-3 PSID OVERALL) Basic Design No Slugging, MAX 5% Liquid/Solids by Weight High Liquid Capacity Models Available This is the detailed slide for the Multicyclone separator. The flow through this device is not as simple as the other separators. The next slide will walk through each section of the gas flow. Point out here that there is not always just three elements in the vessel. It is just shown pictorially that way. Larger units can have as many as 250+ elements in them. Also note that the number of elements in the vessel greatly effects the pressure drop for the unit. Therefore when specifying it is important to call out a maximum flange to flange pressure drop.

AMCS Multi-Cyclone Centrifugal Separator This slide steps you through the path the gas takes through the vessel. The cyclone elements are welded into the vessel between two plates. The gas cones in to the vessel and travels down to the cyclone element. An actual element is shown in the next slide. The tangential inlets to the cyclone element causes the gas to spin around the riser tube which is inserted into the center of the cyclone element. At this point the liquid and solids fall into the sump region through the bottom of the element. The clean dry gas turns 180 degrees and goes up through the riser tube and then out of the vessel.

AMCS Multi-Cyclone Centrifugal Separator This slide show a close up of that cyclone element and the tangential inlets to the element.

Anderson’s Filter Type Separators AFS - Filter Separator Filters used in combination with one other method 100% of 3  and Larger Liquid and Solid Particles 99% of .5 to 3  Solid Particles We will now cover filters and Coalescers. The Anderson Model AFS uses filters in combination with another mechanical separator to obtain the stated efficiencies.

Anderson’s Filter Type Separators - Cont. ADG- Dry Gas Filter Separator Filters Only 100% of 3  and Solid Particles 99% of .5 to 3  Solid Particles Dry gas filters are exactly that. A filter separator used in an application where no liquids are present. Because of this no mechanical separator is required in the second stage

Anderson’s Filter Type Separators - Cont. ACF - Coalesce Filter Separator Filters and / or one other method 99.98% of .3  Solid Particles and Aerosol Mist Coalescers are used to remove very small particles.

AFS Filter / Separator Multiple Stages (Impingement-Filtration-Coalescing- Impingement) No Slugging High Efficiency- 100% Liquids & Solids 3  99% of Solids 0.5 to 3  Horizontal or Vertical Designs Different Separation Elements Available This slide shows a typical two stage horizontal filter separator. The next slide shows the gas flow. In this case we are showing the second stage as long vane box. It is called a long vane box because it runs the length of the separator. The other thing to note is that we now must have access to the filter elements to replace them. This is done through and end enclosure. The most economical end enclosure is a blind flange. The larger the vessel diameter and pressure the larger and more bolts a blind flange will have. This often adds a significant amount of time to the maintenance requirements of this type of separator. Quick opening enclosures can be specified. They will add to the initial cost of the vessel and may effect lead times.

AFS Filter / Separator This slide steps you through the path the gas takes through the vessel. The gas enters the first stage of the filter separator and impinges on the filter support tubes. The gas then travels from the outside of the filter elements through the filter media and then back through the inside of the filter support tubes. The solid particles are removed as the gas passes through the element. Some liquids will be removed at this point. Any liquid that is not removed will be carried over into the second stage. All liquid that is removed from the gas is drained down onto the the horizontal barrel sump located below the separator vessels. Anderson can two independent vertical sumps located under each section.

ACF Coalescing Filter Separator Gas Polishing Coalescing Filter Extra High Efficiency: 99.98% of 0.3  Solids and Liquids Filters are Expensive: Usually Want To Precede With Liquid / Solid Separator, OR: Knockout Baffle in Lower Chamber , HI-EF, Vane, Or Multi-Cyclone to do Bulk Liquid Cleanup. - Extends Life Filters Applications Include Gas Turbine Inlet, Oil Removal From Compressor Outlets Coalescers are typically arranged in a vertical arrangement. The gas travels up through the coalescing elements. We are showing the coalescer here with a first stage mechanical separator. This is good engineering practice because the coalescing element is going to remove 99.98% of all the particles that are .3 microns and larger. Because these are very small particles and coalescing elements are expensive the addition of a mechanical separator in the first stage will extend the life of the coalescing elements and will reduce overall maintenance cost.

ACF Coalescing Filter Separator This slide steps you through the path the gas takes through the vessel. The gas first enters the vessel and then travels vertically upward through the centrifugal unit. The solid and liquid particles 10 microns and size and larger are thrown to the outside of the vessel and then drained back down into the initial sump. The gas continues vertically upward and travels from the inside of the out side of the coalescing element. As the liquid particle travels from the inside to the outside of the coalescer it grows in size ( i.e. It coalesces). By the time that the liquid droplet reaches the outer surface of the coalescing media it is large enough in size that gravity causes the particle to drain out of the element and down onto the upper sump region. From there the gas continues to travel vertically upward and out of the vessel.

ADG Dry Gas Filter Solids Only (Dry Gas) - Can Coalesce Liquids, But Liquids Will Carry Through Max Temp: 300°F STD, Up To 700 °F Special 100% Of 3 , 99% OF .5 To 3  P 1/2-1 PSID New & Clean, 8-10 PSID Change Out Dry gas filter separators are used when no liquids are expected in the gas flow.

ADG Dry Gas Filter This slide steps you through the path the gas takes through the vessel. The gas comes into the vessel and then travels through the filter media. The gas travels down through the inside of the filter elements and then out of the vessel.

Required Information The Big Picture Gas Flow Rate Removal of What? Slugging / High Solids Required Removal Efficiency Minimum / Maximum Operating Pressure Minimum / Maximum Operating Temp. In order for Anderson Separator to size the separation equipment we require several pieces of information. The Big Picture - Anderson is not in the engineering consulting business but it is very helpful if we know what process the separator is being placed into we can often make recommendation to help ensure that the separator will meet the requirements of the application. Gas - Steam, Natural Gas, Air, etc. It is also important that we know or can calculate the specific gravity of the gas. This is used in our sizing program. Flow Rates of gas Min and Max Operating and Design Temperature and Pressure - The design numbers are used to design the pressure vessel. The operating conditions are needed to size the vessels. Anderson will size the vessel for the worst case scenario. That is minimum operating pressure, maximum flow rate, and maximum temperature. This is the most conservative design approach. If we are explicitly total that these conditions will not all happen at the same time we will be happy to size for actual worst case but this information has to come from the customer. Required removal efficiency - we have just talked about many different many different separator configurations and there removal efficiency. This is the starting point for specifying the proper separator. Continued on next note page

Required Information Pressure Drop Arrangement Connections Materials ASME Code Information Removal of What - Solids, liquids, or both. Slugging or High Solids Loading - Special provisions need to be taken in the vessel design for these applications Pressure Drop - It is critical that an allowable pressure drop be specified. Pressure drop is one of the design criteria for all separating equipment and can make a significant difference in size, cost, and performance of the separator. Arrangements and Connections - Most of these details will be handled during the approval drawing process but it should be considered early on as it can affect the cost of the unit. Materials of Construction - The majority of separators are made out of carbon steel and stainless steel. Other materials can be quoted. ASME Code Information - We do not expect the customer to interpret the code to us but if they have there own pressure vessel standard or requirements over and above that of the ASME code we need to know that at the time we quote the job.

Instrumentation Gage Glass Liquid Level Controller Relief Valves Gage Glass Pressure / Temp. Gauges Liquid Level Controller Liquid Level Switches P Indicators and Transmitters Dump Valves Many separator RFQs also include instrumentation. The discussion of each piece of instrumentation is a completely separate presentation all to itself. Typically most discussion revolves around how to get the liquid out of the vessel. One popular way to do this is to use a pneumatic liquid level controller to control the level. By taking gas off of the outlet side of the separator and regulating the gas pressure down and piping it to the level controller we ca then operate a diaphragm type dump valve to drain the liquid out of the vessel. Relief valves are limited to thermal relief only. Differential pressure indicators are required on filter and coalescers. Differential switches and transmitters can be supplied but will add cost to the device.

Conclusion Separators are critical pieces of equipment for the smooth operation of most all processes. Different applications require different approaches, different styles of separators, and sometimes units in combination. IT IS IMPORTANT TO GET ALL THE INFORMATION CORRECT THE FIRST TIME-- SAVES TIME AND $$ An applications data sheet can be found in the back of the Anderson catalog under the Engineering Information tab.

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