Chapter 9 Section 1

Bell Ringer  Turn to page 282 in your textbook. Read the paragraph at the top of the page under “What are fair working conditions?” Also, read numbers 1, 2, & 3 to the right of the photograph. 1. Would you attempt to change your working conditions? Why or why not? (Paragraph. 4+ sentences) 2. Would you join a union, go to school, or run away? Why? (Paragraph. 4+ sentences)

Bonus Activity  After you job shadow on March 4, 2014 answer the following for 20 bonus points (not on test). 1. What are the differences in the working conditions at your shadow location and the conditions of that job during the industrial revolution? 2. What union (if any) is the person you are shadowing a member of. If not a member, are there any unions available to join? Why would a union be needed or not needed in that position?

Main Idea  The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries.  The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

Introduction  Political revolutions brought about change in government.  Examples?  Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked.  Increased output due to machine-made goods.  Hand-made goods v. machine-made goods

Agricultural Revolution  Farmers bought up a lot of the small farms.  Increased acreage  increased cultivation  New farming methods  increased production

Enclosure Act  Farmers owned several strips of land, scattered throughout open fields.  The enclosure act gave farmers one large area of land equal to the original acreage.  The enclosure act required farmers to fence their area.  Many could not afford it.  RESULT?  Move to the city.  This helped lead to the Industrial Revolution.

Crop Rotation Year 1 Year 2

Why England?  Large population of workers Highly skilled workforce  Extensive natural resources Water power and coal Iron ore (to construct machines) Rivers Harbors

Why England? (cont.)  Expanding economy What is needed to start or expand a business? Increased trade, prosperity  increased demand  Political stability None of Britain’s wars in the 1700s occurred in Britain.  Britain had all the factors of production. Everything needed to produce goods Land, labor and capital

Questions 1. Why did many citizen in Britain move to the city? 2. How did using crop rotation lead to higher crop yields? 3. Why was England ideal for the industrial revolution to begin?

Inventions  Creativity  Inventions  Industrialization  Industrialization = the process of developing machine production of goods.

Changes in the Textile Industry  Textile = cloth  New inventions made it possible to mass produce textiles faster and more efficiently.  Britain was in need of clothing due to the population boom.

Factories  Textile merchants put inventions, like the spinning mule, in a large building called a factory.  The machines operated on water power.  Where would be a logical place to build a factory?  Near rivers and streams.

Cotton  Many textiles were made from cotton  Cotton has seeds.  Can you imagine picking the seeds out by hand?  Eli Whitney’s solution?  Invention of the cotton gin.

Effect of the Cotton Gin  American cotton production  1790 – 1.5 million pounds produced  1810 – 85 million pounds produced

Transportation  Textile progress  other industrial improvements.  Steam Engine – cheap, convenient source of power.  The early model used too much fuel.  James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more efficiently.

Water Transportation  Steam was also used to propel boats.  Water transportation improved with a network of canals.  More canals  decreased transportation costs of both raw materials and finished goods.

The Railway Age Begins  Steam powered machinery led the industrial revolution during the late 1700s.  After 1820, the railway led the way.

Rocket  George Stephenson invented Rocket.  Hauled 13 tons at a speed of 24 miles per hour.

Effects of the Locomotive  1.Spurred industrial growth due to cheap transportation.  2.Created hundreds of thousands of new jobs.  3.England’s agricultural and fishing industry boomed.  4.Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs.

Questions 1. What are textiles? 2. Who came up with the way to make the steam engine run faster and more efficient? 3. Rocket hauled 13 tons at what speed? 4. How did the locomotive effect industrialization?