 Course : Physical Chemistry  Course Code: ERT 108  Course Type: Core  Unit : 3  Pre-requisite of ERT 206 Thermodynamics  Lecturers: › Miss Anis Atikah binti Ahmad › Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

 At the end of the course, students are expected to be: › Able to define and apply the phenomena, basic concepts, laws and principles in physical chemistry › Able to calculate and solve a problem concerning physical chemistry. › Able to illustrate various fundamental laws in physical chemistry.

Assignments (20%) Quizzes (10%) Continuous Assessment (30%) Final Exam (50%) Mid Term Exams (20%)

 Text Book : Atkins, P and de Paula, Julia Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 9 th Edition.  Reference Books: › Bahl, B.S.; Bahl, Arun & Tuli, G.D Essentials of Physical Chemistry. S. Chand, New Delhi. › Paul Monk, Physical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons. › Levine I. N., Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 5 th Edition. › Silbey R. J., Alberty R. A., Bawendi M. G Physical Chemistry, John Wiley & Son, Inc., 4 th Edition.

Minggu/WeekKandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 1 (17 Feb-21 Feb) 1. Introduction to Physical Chemistry  What is Physical chemistry  Thermodynamics  Variables, relationship & Laws  Physical and Molecular interactions ( 3 hours ) Miss Anis Atikah Week 2-3 (24 Feb-7 March) 2.0 The First Law of Thermodynamics  The First Law of Thermodynamics  Enthalpy  Heat Capacities  The Joule and Joule – Thomson Experiments  Perfect gases and The First Law  Calculation of First Law Quantities (6 hours) Miss Anis Atikah Week 4-5 (10 March-21 March) 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics  The Second Law of Thermodynamics  Heat Engines  Entropy  Calculation of entropy changes  Entropy, Reversibility and Irreversibility  The thermodynamics temperature scale  What is entropy? ( 6 hours) Miss Anis Atikah

Minggu/WeekKandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 6-7 (24 March-4 Apr) 4.0 Material Equilibrium  Material Equilibrium  Thermodynamics Properties of Nonequilibrium System.  Entropy and Equilibrium  The Gibbs and Hemholtz Function  Thermodynamic Relation for a system in equilibrium  Calculation of changes in state function  Phase Equilibrium  Reaction Equilibrium (6 hours) Miss Anis Atikah Week 8 (7 Apr-11 Apr) CUTI PERTENGAHAN SEMESTER/MID-TERM BREAK Week 9 (14 Apr-18 Apr) 5.0 Standard Thermodynamic Functions of Reaction  Standard States  Standard Enthalpy of Reaction  Standard Enthalpy of Formation  Determination of standard enthalpies of Formation and Reaction ( 3 hours) Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

Minggu/WeekKandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 10 (21 Apr-25 Apr) 6. Reaction Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Mixture  Chemical Potential in an Ideal Gas Mixture  Ideal-Gas Reaction equilibrium  Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium constant  Ideal-Gas equilibrium Calculations (4 hours) Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim Week 11 (28 Apr- 2 May) 6. Chemical Kinetics  Experimental Chemical and Kinetic Reactions.  First Order Reactions  Second Order Reactions  Reaction Rates and Reaction Mechanisms  Light Spectroscopy and adsorption Chemistry. (4 hours) Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim Week 12 (5 May- 9 May) 8.0 Phase Diagrams  Definitions  The Phase Rule  Two-component Systems  Vapour Pressure Diagrams  Temperature-composition Diagrams  Liquid-liquid Phase Diagrams  Liquid-solid Phase Diagrams (4 hours) Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

Minggu/WeekKandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week (12 May- 23 May) 9.0 Equilibrium Electrochemistry  Half-reactions and electrodes  Varieties of Cells  The Electromotive Force  Standard Potentials  Applications of standard potentials  Impact on Biochemistry : Energy Conversion in Biological Cells (6 hours) Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim Week 15 (26 May-30 May) MINGGU ULANGKAJI / REVISION WEEK Week (2 June -13 June) PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER / FINAL EXAMINATION

 What is Physical Chemistry? › the study of the underlying physical principles that govern the properties & behaviour of chemical systems. Chemical system Macroscopic Large-scale properties of matter Microscopic Concepts of molecules

 Can be classified into 4 main areas: Quantum chemistry Statistical mechanics ThermodynamicsKinetics

 Quantum chemistry  Quantum chemistry: application of quantum mechanics to atomic structure, molecular bonding & spectroscopy  Thermodynamics  Thermodynamics: Macroscopic science that studies: i. the interrelationships of the various equilibrium properties of a system & ii. the changes in equilibrium properties in process

 Statistical mechanics:  Statistical mechanics: relate quantum chemistry with thermodynamics. from molecular properties. › Gives insight into why laws of thermodynamics hold & allows calculation of macroscopic thermodynamic properties from molecular properties.  Kinetics:  Kinetics: study of rate processes. › Examples: chemical reaction, diffusion & flow of charge in an electrochemical cell.

 Is the study of heat, work, energy and the changes they produce in the state of the systems. Work is done to achieve motion against an opposing force Example: process of raising a weight against the pull of gravity Work Energy is the capacity to do work Energy Heat is the transfer of energy as a results of a temperature difference between the system & it surroundings Heat

UniverseSystem Part of the universe under study in thermodynamics Eg: reaction vessel, engine, biological cell Surroundings The region outside the system that can interact with the system

 Type of system: Matter Energy Open system (can exchange matter & energy) Energy Closed system ( no transfer of matter, can exchange energy ) Isolated system (can exchange neither energy nor matter) System

 Walls: a system may be separated from its surrounding by various kind of walls: › Rigid or nonrigid (movable) › Permeable (allow matter to pass through) or impermeable › Adiabatic (does not conduct heat at all) or nonadiabatic

 Extensive property : property that depends on the amount of substance present in the sample › Eg: mass, volume  Intensive property: property that is independent of the amount of substance › E.g., mass density, pressure and temperature)

Hints on how to study Physical Chemistry:  Summarize each set of notes on one page in an organized form that helps to isolate all key points: “nerd notes”  Download all available handouts, including equation sheets  Start working on problems with the equation sheets a.s.a.p. and do not fall behind  Physical Chemistry is not a “memory-based”, learn-by-rote discipline, but is centred upon problem-based learning. However, you must practice solving problems, deriving equations, etc. to become proficient.  Review assigned and in-class problems  Attend tutorials  View animations and use other web resources