GEO 300 Recitation W8/F10/F12 TA Eddie Helderop Office Hours: Tuesday 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM (Wilkinson 213) Friday 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM (Wilkinson 213) Or by appointment – me. I have a mailbox in Wilkinson 104 Sustainability for the Common Good

Recitations Week 1 Intro, CT Papers, carbon footprint Week 3 Workshop Week 7 Work day Weeks 8, 9, 10 Group presentations

Recitation vs. Lecture Recitation: Carbon Footprint assignment Energize Corvallis Group Project presentations/papers Critical Thinking papers Lecture: Quizzes Extra Credit Total grades

Group Project signup! Everyone has to be in a group – make sure the day and time work for you now, because we can’t change it later You can only be in one group – did you sign up for a second group on blackboard? I need to manually remove you from the first, so tell me now Meet in your groups, exchange contact information, elect a group leader

Logistics for recitation All assignments must be typed, printed (not hand-written) EXCEPT carbon footprint All critical thinking papers must have an attached scoresheet (from the website) Turn assignments in to lecture (Dr. Cook), to me in recitation, or to my mailbox (Wilkinson 104) – not to me in my office hours, in the hallway, etc. (too hard to keep track of everything!)

Critical Thinking Papers Instructions and tips to help you succeed!

Dr. Cook’s requirements Four peer-reviewed sources with a published date of 1/1/2000 or later All four of the above sources are cited in the paper Total word count is , Analysis word count is Used the required format (Interpretation, Analysis, Evaluation, Inference, Explanation, Self-Regulation Failing to meet even ONE of these rules results in an automatic zero for that paper – I cannot change this!

Finding peer-reviewed sources EBSCO review/demonstration Make SURE the peer-reviewed box is checked (double check!) Can use EBSCO to cite as well

What about government sources? The UN? US Government publications ARE peer-reviewed. UN publications ARE peer-reviewed. Other agencies/governments: depends. If you want to rely on one, make sure it’s peer-reviewed. Or, don’t count it as part of your 4.

Examples There are four example papers on the GEO 300 website The first two were chosen by me They were written by students, for this class, and they received an A from me I strongly encourage you to use these as your model for format, style, and to give you an idea for the type of content I am looking for

Heading IncludeExample Name ID# W8/F10/F12 TA: Eddie Q# Word Count: 550 Eddie Helderop W8 TA: Eddie Question number 0-1 Word Count: 550

Title InstructionsGood Example: I should be able to tell your topic and your position from the title. The Earth’s sustainability is threatened by interactions between several different factors Bad Example: Population and sustainability

Interpretation InstructionsExample This is your very short introduction paragraph. Importance of the topic Necessary background info Thesis statement Interpretation Most research indicates that it is human population, resource overconsumption, and technology that threaten the sustainability of the Earth. Given the interconnectedness of these factors, it is impossible to identify human population alone as the biggest threat.

Analysis Instructions Use peer-reviewed literature to form an argument and support your position. Come up with main points for your argument. Write a short paragraph for each one, citing your peer- reviewed lit. Don’t just regurgitate info taken from sources – make an argument. Section must be between 400 and 450 words. Don’t be overambitious!

Example Analysis Analysis (403 words) The relationship between population, consumption, and technology can be modeled by the equation I=PAT where I is the human impact on the environment, P is population, A is affluence or consumption, and T is technology (Ehrlich P.R. and Goulder L.H. 2007:page 1146). Population, affluence and consumption, and technology all interact to produce humanity’s environmental impact such that one alone cannot be identified as the primary threat. Ecological footprint analysis reveals that the current human population is large enough and living in such a way that to maintain the current standards of living and current population would require approximately an additional half of an Earth’s worth of resources (Ehrlich P.R. and Ehrlich A.H. 2013:paragraph 4). Additionally, many demographers agree that the world’s human population will increase to and level off at approximately 9-10 billion individuals by the end of this century (Lutz W., Sanderson W., and Scherbov S. 2001:page 543). This population increase will necessarily increase the resources required to continue living sustainably on Earth – however, since the current population of roughly 7 billion people already cannot live sustainably with the resources at hand, the threat to sustainability comes primarily from a large population, not growth.

Example Analysis (con’t) GDP per capita is often used as a proxy to represent consumption, and in the previous century the world’s GDP has increased 1655% (Krausmann F. et al 2013:page 10325). Krausmann F. et al (2013:page 10328) also find that the world’s GDP is likely to continue to grow in the coming decades. There are numerous environmental impacts of increased consumption, including: the loss of vital ecosystem services, decreased biodiversity, and disruptions to biogeochemical cycles, among others (Krausmann F. et al 2013:page 10325). Brown J.H. et al (2011:pages ) find that the world’s GDP is also closely linked to energy usage and that developing nations’ energy needs increase dramatically as their GDP increases. The projected increase in energy use and consumption in the developing world will further decrease humanity’s ability to sustain the current average standard of living in the near future as energy reserves dwindle and ecosystem processes fail. Unlike population and consumption, the technological impact of humanity on the environment has been decreasing or has remained over the past few decades (The World Bank 2003:page 148). However, to offset the projected increases in population and consumption, humanity’s technological impact on the environment would have to decrease drastically, far more than any predictions indicate (The World Bank 2003:page 122).

Analysis (second paragraph) Ecological footprint analysis reveals that the current human population is large enough and living in such a way that to maintain the current standards of living and current population would require approximately an additional half of an Earth’s worth of resources (Ehrlich P.R. and Ehrlich A.H. 2013:paragraph 4). Additionally, many demographers agree that the world’s human population will increase to and level off at approximately 9-10 billion individuals by the end of this century (Lutz W., Sanderson W., and Scherbov S. 2001:page 543). This population increase will necessarily increase the resources required to continue living sustainably on Earth – however, since the current population of roughly 7 billion people already cannot live sustainably with the resources at hand, the threat to sustainability comes primarily from a large population, not growth. Don’t just regurgitate info taken from sources – make an argument.

Evaluation InstructionsExample Write a sentence or two explaining the bias of authors of at least two of your sources. OR write about how you had a limitation of articles (only if you did!) OR explain why some of your sources may have other mistakes. Tip: Look for authors’ bios. Where did they work? Who funded their research? When mentioning the bias, indicate how they might be biased. Evaluation Dr. Becker spent the early part of his career working for Shell, possibly biasing him in favor of fracking. Dr. Andrews used notoriously unreliable predictions of the future climate when drawing conclusions.

Inference InstructionsExample If your topic is a global one: does it have local consequences that you haven’t addressed? If your topic is a local one: does it have global consequences that you haven’t addressed? Inference While fracking has been shown to alleviate many countries’ energy demands, it has severely deleterious effects on small municipalities near where it occurs.

Explanation InstructionsExample Concise conclusion Remind us of your thesis statement again. Explanation The sustainability of the Earth is threatened by the large human population, their consumption, and various technologies that impact the environment. The primacy of one factor over another cannot be established.

Self-regulation InstructionsExample The only place where personal pronouns can appear What is your bias? How does it apply to this topic? Why do you have that bias? Self-Regulation As a student of engineering, I went into this paper already convinced that fracking was beneficial, influencing the direction I took with this paper.

So what makes a good paper? Meet Dr. Cook’s minimum requirements (avoid a zero) Make a coherent, logical, concise argument that is germane to your assigned topic Concision is key! 550 words is not very many for a research paper Meet the requirements for each sub-heading (self-regulation, explanation, etc.) No spelling errors, no grammar errors Engaging, creative, professional

Bibliography Example Claudio, L. (2007). Waste Couture: Environmental Impact of the Clothing Industry. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(9), A448-A454. Hepburn, S. J. (2013). In Patagonia (Clothing): A Complicated Greenness. Fashion Theory: The Journal Of Dress, Body & Culture, 17(5), Alphabetize (not order of appearance) Contains: author(s), (publishing year,) title, journal name, edition#, page number(s)

Inline citations Research by Wegener and Petty (2004:p. 117) supports... … (Wegener & Petty, 2004:p. 117) Must contain: author(s), year, page# Make sure formatting is consistent throughout paper

Learning to be concise: It’s hard. BeforeAfter In the last decade, natural gas extraction in the Marcellus Shale region became economically profitable due to advances in hydrofracturing (also: hydrofracking, fracking) technology. Hydrofracking involves injecting high-pressured water solution into the ground, thus breaking the shale and releasing pockets of gas. Hydrofracking has led to a boom in development. However, because hydrofracking is unproven and potentially harmful to both humans and the environment, policymakers must exercise the precautionary principle. Recently, natural gas extraction in the Marcellus Shale region became economically profitable due to advances in hydrofracturing, which involves injecting high-pressured water solution into the ground to break shale and release gas. However, because hydrofracking is unproven and potentially harmful to both humans and the environment, policymakers must exercise the precautionary principle.

Word count flexibility Section titles + citations are OPTIONAL for your word count. MUST be consistent within the entire paper (cannot count one citation and not another. Cannot count one section title and not another). Paper title + Heading are not counted

Word count flexibility example Interpretation (37 words) Most research indicates that it is human population, resource overconsumption, and technology that threaten the sustainability of the Earth. Given the interconnectedness of these factors, it is impossible to identify human population alone as the biggest threat. Interpretation (38 words) Most research indicates that it is human population, resource overconsumption, and technology that threaten the sustainability of the Earth. Given the interconnectedness of these factors, it is impossible to identify human population alone as the biggest threat. Interpretation (40 words) Most research indicates that it is human population, resource overconsumption, and technology that threaten the sustainability of the Earth. Given the interconnectedness of these factors, it is impossible to identify human population alone as the biggest threat.