Computers Are Your Future © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 2 Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 Ethics

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 3 Computer Ethics  Computers cause new ethical problems.  Computer ethics uses basic ethical principles to help you make the right decisions.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 4 Ethical Principles  Ethical principles are tools that are used to think through difficult situations.  Three useful ethical principles:  An act is ethical if, were everyone to act the same way, society as a whole would benefit from it.  An act is ethical if people are treated as ends and not as a means to ends.  An act is ethical if it is fair to all parties involved.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 5 Your School’s Code of Conduct  Read the Acceptable Use Policy.  Respect yourself.  Respect others.  Respect academic integrity.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 6 Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics 1.Don’t use a computer to harm other people. 2.Don’t interfere with other people’s computer work. 3.Don’t snoop around in other people’s files. 4.Don’t use a computer to steal. 5.Don’t use a computer to bear false witness.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 7 Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics (continued) 6.Don’t copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid. 7.Don’t use other people’s computer resources without authorization or proper compensation. 8.Don’t appropriate other people’s intellectual output. 9.Do think about the social consequences of the program you write or the system you design. 10. Do use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect for your fellow humans.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 8 Netiquette Netiquette:  Guidelines that involve showing respect for others and yourself while you are online

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 9 Mailing List Netiquette  Read the discussions for the past few days before posting questions.  Read the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) list before posting questions.  Don’t belittle people for grammatical errors.  Don’t post inflammatory messages.  Learn how to unsubscribe from the list.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 10 Netiquette  Promptly respond to messages.  Delete messages after you read them.  Speak of others professionally and courteously.  Run your computer’s antivirus program on any received or sent.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 11 Netiquette (continued)  Keep your messages short and to the point.  Don’t type in all capital letters.  Spell check your message before sending it.  Be careful with sarcasm and humor in your message.  Be mindful of the recipient’s reaction when you request a return receipt; this feature can be annoying and intrusive.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 12 Internet Relay Chat Netiquette  Listen to the discussion for a while before joining it.  Learn the commonly used abbreviations.  Don’t flood the channel with text.  Don’t harass others with unwanted invitations.  Be careful if you are asked to type in a command; it may have unexpected results.  Use the ignore command when someone is bothering you.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 13 Computer Games: Too Much Violence? Splatter games emphasize all-out violence.  Some say this type of game increases violent behavior.  Others say it provides an outlet for violent feelings.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 14 Computer Ethics for Organizations  A business must protect its data from:  Loss or damage  Misuse or errors  Unauthorized access  Backup procedures are used to protect data from loss.  It is the organization’s responsibility to ensure that its data is as complete as possible.  Divulging customer data without asking permission is considered unethical behavior by privacy advocates.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 15 Whistle-blowing Whistle-blowing refers to employees reporting their company’s dangerous or illegal acts to regulatory agencies or the press.  Some laws exist to protect whistle-blowers, but many find themselves unemployed and blacklisted.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 16 Computer Ethics for Computer Professionals  The field of computer ethics specifies ethical codes for computing professionals.  The core of a computer professional’s code of ethics is to preserve and protect human life from harm. CODES OF CONDUCT AND GOOD PRACTICE FOR CERTIFIED COMPUTING PROFESSIONALS The essential elements relating to conduct that identify a professional activity are: ·A high standard of skill and knowledge ·A confidential relationship with people served ·Public reliance upon the standards of conduct in established practice ·The observance of an ethical code Excerpt from the Code of Ethics of the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 17 The ACM Code of Conduct A computing professional:  Contributes to society and human well-being  Avoids harm to others  Is honest and trustworthy  Is fair and takes action not to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, age, disability, or national origin  Honors property rights, including copyrights and patents  Gives proper credit when using the intellectual property of others  Respects the right of other individuals to privacy  Honors confidentiality

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 18 Safety First Programmers can produce programs with errors.  Computer experts agree that the liability for a program failure should be shared among the programmer, the software company, and the organization that buys the software.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 19 It’s Not Just Unethical, It’s Illegal, Too Types of legal problems that arise from computer use include:  Plagiarism  Software piracy  Copyright infringement

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 20 Plagiarism Plagiarism:  Unauthorized and/or uncited use of someone else’s intellectual property Intellectual property rights:  An individual’s ownership over original works Legal implications of plagiarism:  Dismissal from school  Lawsuits

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 21 Plagiarism Copyright infringement:  Plagiarism of copyrighted material Fair use doctrine:  States that a brief selection from copyrighted work can be used for commentary, parody, news reporting, research, and education.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 22 Libel Libel is the publication of a false statement that injures one’s business or reputation.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 23 Software Piracy  Selling software that contains all or part of a commercial software program  Using shareware beyond its evaluation period  Violating the terms of a software license  Making copies of site-licensed programs for personal use  Giving or selling commercial software to others

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 24 Software and Copyrights  Public domain software can be copied, sold, and modified.  Shareware is copyrighted software that can be used without a license for a specified time.  Trial versions can be copied.  When the evaluation period ends, you must pay a registration fee for continued use of the software.  Commercial software is copyrighted.  You must purchase the software to use it.  Organizations purchase a site license to use the software on all of their computers.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 25 Software and Copyrights (continued)  General Public License (GPL) specifies that anyone may freely copy, use, and modify the software, but it cannot be sold for profit.  Copyright protection schemes thwart the illegal use of programs.  Machine dependent programs can only be used on the machine on which they were originally installed.

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 26 Are You Guilty of Software Piracy?  Incorporating all or part of a GPL program in a commercial program that you sell  Continuing to use shareware after expiration without paying  Violating terms of software license  Making copies of site-licensed programs  Giving or selling copies of commercial software to others

Computers Are Your Future Spotlight 1 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 27 File Sharing: Music, Movies, and More  An increasing number of Internet users are making illegal copies of music.  Rationalizations copyright violators use:  “It’s OK to download MP3 files if I only keep them for 24 hours.”  “It’s free advertising for the band.”  “It’s legal because I don’t charge any money for sharing them.”