Properties of Acids and Bases Chapter 8 Section 8.3

What is an acid? An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour". They produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule) The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.”

Properties of an Acid Tastes Sour Conduct Electricity Lemons Citric Acid Tea Tannic Acid Vinegar Acetic Acid Tastes Sour Conduct Electricity Corrosive:which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin, and paper Some acids react strongly with metals Turns blue litmus paper red

Litmus Paper Litmus Paper is an indicator that changes color in the presence of acids and bases. Litmus is a kind of dye derived from plants called lichens When blue litmus paper touches an acid, it turns red When red litmus paper touches an base, it turns blue

Uses of Acids Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch. Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function. Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics. Car batteries

What is a base? A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali. Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions

Properties of a Base Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive Can conduct electricity. (Think alkaline batteries.) Do not react with metals. Turns red litmus paper blue.

Uses of Bases Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties. The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease. Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases. Your blood is a basic solution.

Neutralization Reaction A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water. Example: H2SO4 + NaOH  NaHSO4 + H2O

Neutralization Reaction An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.

What is a SALT? A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base. Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction

Salts Each salt listed in this table can be formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.

Other Common Salts Barium Chloride – BaCl2 - Fireworks – Green color Potassium Nitrate - KNO3 - Salt Peter – Gun Powder

Bronsted-Lowry Theory In chemistry, the Brønsted–Lowry theory In chemistry, the Brønsted–Lowry theory is an acid-base reaction theory, proposed independently by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry in 1923. The fundamental concept of this theory is that an acid is defined as being able to lose, or donate a proton while a base is defined as gaining or “acceptor” of a proton. Based on the above definitions of acid and bases water can either act as either an acid or base depending on the compound with which it reacts.