Factors affecting the decision to participate in the internet option for the 2010 Census of Korea Eunkoo Lee Sungjin Kim

Overview of internet option in 2010 Census Confirm Finish ? Participation DB Fill out the form ` Preparation Address DB, Household list, Housing DB P.R Pull & Push Strategy Manage the persons who haven’t completed the form Manage the process No Automatic editing * Send SMS to encourage Completion of the form No Yes Yes Yes Thank You Note ( ) E-Census Management system Create Internet Access Code Create Internet Access Code Give Internet Access code Give Internet Access code

Internet Access Code (9-digit) CountryInternet Access Codedigit Canada ＊ Internet Access Code(15-digit) Australia ＊ Census Form Number(13-digit) ＊ E-Census Number(12-digit) Japan ＊ Government approval number(4-digit) ＊ Questionnaire ID(11-digit) ＊ Verification Number(8-digit)

Performance of the internet option (2010 Census of Korea) % short 1) Forms of questionnaire % long % Urban 2) Urban / rural % rural

Canada (2011) Korea (2010) United Kingdom (2011) Australia (2011) Japan (2010) New Zealand (2006) 7.0% 8.4% 27% 47.9% 54.4% CountryYear Internet Uptake rate(%) CountryYear Internet Uptake rate(%) Canada New Zealand Singapore Switzerland Norway Japan (Tokyo only) Australia201127%U.K Performance of the internet option (cont.) 46.0% Singapore (2010)

Objective To identify factors that have significantly affected the respondents’ decision to complete the census form via internet Y=f(x) Y = Binary variable (1 = participated, 0 = otherwise) X = 2010 Census questions from the long form

Methods (cont.) Independent variables – household - Urban/Rural - Type of households - Type of residence - Type of housing - Accessibility of internet line - Households with students attending elementary, middle or high schools

Methods (cont.) Independent variables – head of household - Age - Sex - Education - Social activity participation - Economic activity - Marital status - Occupation - Accessibility of internet line

Results (Household) Comparison Most likely to participate…. Odds Ratio Rural VS UrbanRural1.193 One person household VS One family household One person1.294 Owned or leased residence type VS monthly rent paid in advance Owned or leased residence type 1.516, respectivley Apartment VS Detached house type Apartment1.510 Household with internet line VS Household without internet line Household with internet line Household with students attending elementary to high school VS otherwise Household with students attending elementary to high school 1.404

Results (Head of household) Comparison Most likely to participate…. Odds Ratio No school & elementary school VS High school No school & elementary school 1.770, respectively University, master, Ph.DVS High school University, master, Ph.D 1.262, 1.609, respectively Work VS No work Work1.373 Married, widowed, divorce VS Never married Married, widowed, divorce 1.686, 1.537, respectively White collar office workers VS agricultural, forestry & fishery workers White collar office workers 1.829, 1.591, respectively

Discussion Results suggest that households in the rural area are more likely to parti cipate in the internet option - High concentration of one person households, older people - Lack internet accessibility and they often times need help in completing the census form - In 2010 census, the local governments were active in reaching out to such households in the rural area where they encouraged them to come to the community center to complete the census form via internet with the help of enumerators. People living in the apartments are more likely to participate in the inter net option in relative to detached houses since it is more convenient for inter net providers to provide large scale internet access services to people livin g in the apartments.

Households with children attending elementary to high school were more likely to participate in the internet option. - In Korea, it is mandatory for elementary school students, middle school students and high school students to satisfy certain quota for volunteer community services at school. In 2010 Census, volunteer service points were given to students to encourage the households to participate in the internet option. Such incentives are proven to be effective. Discussion (cont.)

Head of household with low education level (no schooling and elementary school graduates) showed high level of internet participation in relative to high school graduates. - Those with low education level are older in age and are more likely to reside in rural areas where they need help from others to complete the census form. This is in agreement with previous observation where the rural area residents were more likely to participate in the internet option in relative to their urban counter parts. - On the contrary, those with higher education level (versus high school graduates) were more likely to participate in the internet option. Discussion (cont.)

As for the occupation of the head of household, managers, professionals and other white collar office workers were more likely to participate in the internet option in relative to household heads working in the agriculture & fishery sectors. The results suggest which specific households should be targeted for internet option based on socioeconomic backgrounds, education, housing type, regions, etc. By identifying such factors, planners of the next Census could utilize the results of this analysis for planning and improving the internet option in the next 2015 Census.