Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Who are we? What is “quantum optics/photonics” cf. FQ (M. Fox “Quantum Optics”) Chap 1. Course overview Course policy Learning resources Lecture 1 Introduction & Overview “Road Map Ahead”

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Instructor: Prof. Yong P. Chen PHYSICS*ECE*Birck Nanotechnology Center Solid state/nano physics AMO/quantum physics Nanoscience & nanotechnology TA: Robert Niffenegger Office hr by appt. (F) or after W class

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Who are you? Please briefly tell us: –Your name –Department/major –Year –Research Group (if any) –Current research area (brief) –Anything else (brief) to help remember you Please fill out the class survey (HWK#1) 9:25

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Why do we have this course I want to learn it You want to learn it (presumably) There is so much (new) to learn Foundation/connection to important current physics & ECE fields (AMO/solid state/(quantum) photonics/QI-QC) Quantum optics/photonics in Purdue --- One of Purdue’s new “preeminent” initiative

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Watch out for seminars!

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Related Purdue Research Groups/Faculty AMO Physics: ECE Field and Optics: =2591 CHEM Physical Chemistry Birck Nanophotonics/optics: nanophotonics.php

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) What is “quantum optics”? [Class discussion]

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Optics: what is light? Prerequisite 1: Classical Optics eg. PHYS 322/422 (E.Hecht “optics”), ME587, or some photonics course (or at least a good E&M, PHYS 272H/330/430) eg. D.Griffiths “Intro electrodynamics”; E. Purcell’s E&M; Feynman Lec. Vol 2; etc. Lec 2 will review some basics Classical Optics Newton etc: (classical) particle (“corpuscular”)/ray theory Huygens-Young (interference)-Fresnel (diffraction)- Maxwell wave optics Birth of photons --- (1 st ) birth of “quantum optics) Planck’s photon (light quantum) Wave-particle duality (DeBroglie etc.) …

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Quantum Birth of Quantum Mechanics/Physics is also (1 st ) birth of quantum optics Planck’s photons (blackbody radiation, quantized energy of light) Einstein’s Photoelectric effect (photoemission/photodetection) Compton scattering (light-electron scattering) Formulation of quantum mechanics: Schrodinger/Heisenberg [quantize electron motion --- foundation to atomic & solid state physics] Quantum Field Theory/quantum electrodynamics (QED): Dirac etc. [quantize E&M (and other) fields --- foundation to modern q. optics] Prerequisite 2: Quantum mechanics (or at least a good modern physics) eg. D.Griffiths “Intr. quantum mechanics”; Liboff “Quantum Mechanics”; Cohen-Tannoudji “Quantum Mechanics 1” Krane “Modern physics” Lec 3 will review some basics Subtlety: these phenom. do not directly prove quantum nature of photons (rather some quantum nature of light-matter interaction)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Some milestones/key experiments in QO (FQ) 2 nd birth quantum optics

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Quantum optics (narrow definition): Study of photons (quantum nature) photon quantum states (eg. coherent/squeezed/ /number states) quantum correlation & statistics quantum entanglement  quantum information/communication/computing But we will adopt a broader definition

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Light-Matter Interaction matter Light (in) Light (out) X (light or other particles) Y (light or other particles) Quantum optics (broadly defined): Light (radiation) & light-matter interaction where quantum physics matters [further generalization: extend from light to other waves (including matter/particle waves)] Quantum photonics: Quantum optics applications & devices (light cannot be studied alone)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) This captures many (all) phenomena Light

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) This captures many (all) phenomena matter Light (in) Light (out) Y (eg. electron) Quantum optics (broadly defined): Light (radiation) & light-matter interaction where quantum physics matters [further generalization: extend from light to other waves (including matter/particle waves)] What’s the “Matter”: Atom Electron Solid … Vacuum (really?) Emission, Laser… Photoelectric/ photodetection

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) And many combinations of processes (including “nonlinear/high order” processes) Matter Light (in) Light (out) X (light or other particles) Y (light or other particles) Quantum optics (broadly defined): Light (radiation) & light-matter interaction where quantum physics matters [further generalization: extend from light to other waves (including matter/particle waves)] Quantum photonics: Quantum optics applications & devices Light can also control & create new matter

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Different Levels of “quantum”

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Some milestones/key experiments in QO (FQ) 2 nd birth quantum optics Rapid expansion Esp. l-m interaction Many more….Suggested Paper Topic (undergrad): any of these [review original paper+impact]

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Photons (E&M wave) Electrons (charge) Atoms, solids, and their excited states/excitations (phonons, excitons…)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Applications Metrology, Sensing/imaging, Quantum info/ Communication/ Computing, Quantum Control, Chemical phys, Nanomaterials, Condensed Matter, Energy, Astrophys. Biophys. … Light-solid Interaction Scattering (Raman & elastic..), Absorption/ Excitation/ Photoelectron/ Photovoltaic, Luminescence.. Electron dynamics, cQED/optomech., q. optics of electrons … Atom optics “quantum” foundation Quantum optics

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Old course name: “coherent optics” and “quantum electronics ” Coherent optics: when phase of light is important –May be quantum or classical (Fourier optics; holography; statistical optics/speckles) –most phase-coherent light  laser (quantum) Quantum electronics (old name): lasers (today would be quantum photonics) --- eg. IEEE Quantum Electronics ( unumber=3) unumber=3

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) About this course Prerequisites: Classical Optics eg. E.Hecht “optics” (or at least a good E&M) eg. D.Griffiths “Intro electrodynamics”; E. Purcell’s E&M; Feynman Lec. Vol 2. Quantum mechanics (or at least a good modern physics) eg. D.Griffiths “Intr. quantum mechanics” Krane “Modern physics” Review in Lec 2. Review in Lec 3. Also very helpful to know basics in atomic physics and solid state physics (will be reviewed as we go)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Connections with Other Purdue Courses Related Purdue Courses: PHYS322 (PHYS32200) Optics ECE Introduction to Engineering Optics ECE Elements of Electro And Fiber Optics ECE Introduction to Lasers ECE Nonlinear Optics ECE Ultrafast Optics ECE 650R - Light Emitting Diodes More optics: PHYS570S --- Topics in Atomic Theory

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Course Outline Part 1: basic review: Optics+Quantum; Part 2: Basic Light- matter interaction; laser; Part 3: Quantum Optics of photons Part 4: More advanced light-matter interaction Part 5: Quantum information/photonics/ applications Subject to change; Check updates on course web/wiki

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Textbook 1: M. Fox “Quantum Optics” (Oxford) Available online from Purdue Library Website “FQ” We’ll cover most of FQ

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Textbook 2: M. Fox “Optical Properties of Solids” (2 nd ed, Oxford) Online pdf (1 st ed) seems to be available (google) “FS” We’ll cover a good portion of FS + selected modern topics

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) molecule Solid Nanomaterials: (much less known) middle ground Example of carbon

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Other Supplemental Texts Supplemental texts and references: 3) GS Agarwal, Quantum Optics (Cambridge 2013) 4) Werner Lauterborn,Thomas Kurz. Coherent Optics: Fundamentals and Applications. (Springer, 2002) 5) P. Meystre and M Sargent, Elements in Quantum optics, 4th ed (Springer 2007) 6) Safa O. Kasap, Optoelectronics & Photonics: Principles & Practices (2 nd ed, 2012) *7) Simon Hooker, Colin Webb, Laser Physics (Oxford, 2010) *8) Claus F. Klingshirn, Semiconductor Optics (4th ed, Springer 2012) 9) L. Novotny & B Hecht, Principles of Nano-optics (2nd ed, 2012) The above books (and 2 main texts) are available in Course Reserve in PHYS Library. (do not checkout for long term/pls return asap) *Available online from PU Library Web/PUnet-connected computers

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Additional Reference Books Quantum Optics Gilbert Grynberg, Alain Aspect, Claude Fabre, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Introduction to Quantum Optics: From the Semi-classical Approximation (2010) [book by some masters] C. Gerry & P. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics --slightly more on theory side, knight is well known expert R. Loudon, The quantum theory of light --- slightly old, also slightly emphasizing theory more M.Scully & MS.Zubairy, Quantum optics --- by leading QO expert, but less suitable of textbook L.Mandel & E.Wolf: Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics.. handbook & encyclopedia JS Peng, Introduction To Modern Quantum Optics (1998) Photonics/Lasers: Bahaa E. A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (2 nd ed, 2007) --- classic large comprehensive book on photonics, good handy ref RS Quimby (RPI), Photonics and Lasers: An Introduction – shorter than ST, but seems a good photonics book Siegman’s Lasers: big book classic Orazio Svelto, Principles of Lasers (5 th ed): good comprehensive text explaining lasers AMO physics: Christ Foot, Atomic Physics Solid state physics: C. Kittel, Intro to Solid State Physics Some classics on light-materials interaction: JI Pankove, Optical Processes in Semiconductors W Hayes and R Loudon, Scattering of Light by Crystals

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Some online course notes/texts on quantum optics optics.pdf optics/quantum-optics-notes.pdf

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Related Courses in Other Places 1) ETH (A.Imamoglu) 2) Caltech (Jeff Kimble) 3) Harvard (M. Lukin) 4) science/6-453-quantum-optical-communication-fall-2008/index.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer- science/6-453-quantum-optical-communication-fall-2008/index.htm 6) 7)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Course Web & Wiki Course website programs/courses/phys522/ programs/courses/phys522/ –Syllabus, Lecture notes, homework etc (course material) Course wiki –Upload student work: lecture notes, essay –Post interesting seminar info –Share other links/articles/news of interests

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Course Requirement & Grading Components 1) Homework (approximately every 1-2 weeks): 30 points 2) Papers/Projects: 30 points consisting of 2 parts (15 pts each): 2a) a lecture notes (review article style) for an assigned lecture and upload to wiki within 2 weeks from the assigned lecture (every student will be assigned to 1lecture based on class list, see wiki); 2b) a paper reviewing either a classic experiment/milestone achievement (before 2002) [undergrad only] or a topic not covered in lectures (eg. one from a relevant seminar), or a current frontier area/topic of your interest. You can find suggested topic in lecture slides though you are not limited to them. I encourage you to check with me about your topic and not to wait to the last week to upload so you may be selected for presentation. Revision can be made till last class. 3) Final Exam: 30 pts 4) Class Participation/Service (10pts) that can be earned in several ways (extra will be bonus): 4a) Occasional in class quizzes (1 pt for each problem); 4b) great question/comment/correct a non-trivial mistake in lecture (0.5-1 pt per incidence); 4c) Attend one of the eligible related seminars (see list under Wiki/Seminars) and have either speaker/host sign a form [see wiki] after the talk to prove your attendance (1 pt for each seminar attended); 4d) Give a min presentation on your paper/research, or volunteer to teach a topic or explain a concept of interest that may fit into a given lecture (5 pt per presentation, consult with instructor to schedule) 4e) Other service that enhances class learning; eg. offer to give a lab tour to class members of your research lab (5 pts; must be approved of both your lab supervisor & Prof. Chen) Final Grade: A (>85); B(>70); C(>55); D(>40); [typical sufficient condition, subject to minor change]

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Other Learning Resources: Seminars Physics Colloquium Condensed Matter physics seminars AMO physics seminars (occasional) AMO physics faculty candidate talks Quantum photonics faculty candidate talks Physical Chemistry seminars Select Birck/ECE seminars check corresponding departmental websites as well as course Wiki (seminars not listed in wiki can earn pt if approved by instructor) Important supplement to the lectures! (some more guest speakers will be invited)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Other Learning Resources: Journals Nature/NatureX (esp. Nature Photonics)/Science PRL relevant sections (general-quantum information/AMO/optics/condensed matter) PRA Optics Letters/Express JOSA-B (J Opt. Soc. America) IEEE Quantum electronics

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Other Learning Resources: Conferences/Workshops/tutorials APS DAMOP OSA’s Frontier in Optics (FiO)/Laser Sciences (LS) CLEO/QELS Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE) SPIE’s Photonics **** Some notable previous workshops/summer schools:

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Some Research Groups/Centers in QO/QP Max-Planck Institute QO: Vienna ( and Innsbruckhttp://vcq.quantum.at/ JILA (NIST-Colorado), CUA (MIT-Harvard), JQI (NIST- Maryland) ETH: A. Imamoglu etc. Harvard: M.Lukin etc. Stanford (Yamamoto, Vuckovic etc.) Caltech (J. Kimble, O. Painter etc.) … many more (just google quantum optics or quantum photonics) See comprehensive list under and updated lists under course wiki/link & things of interest

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) o JQI, Joint Quantum Institute (U. Maryland & NIST), USA o JILA (UCol & NIST), Boulder, USA o CUA, Center for Ultra cold Atoms, Harvard – MIT, USA o MPQ, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany o ICFO, The Institute of Photonics Sciences, Barcelona, Spain o IQOQI, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria o CQT, Center for Quantum Technologies, Singapore o ARC, Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Australia o IQC, Institute for Quantum Computing Waterloo, Canada o QUANTOP – QDEV, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen ARC MPQ ICFO NIST CUA IQC JQI CQT QUANTOP IQOQI Some major QO/QP/QI Research Centers in the world Why the top 1-5? Who are the current leaders? Placing PURDUE on the QUANTUM MAP!

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Next Lecture Lecture 2: Review key concepts from classical optics (cf. *FQ Chap2; also of interests: *FS Chap 1-2; *E. Hecht, Optics (esp. Chap 8 on polarization) *Lauterborn & Kurz, Coherent Optics, Chap 1-3)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Image Sources/Credits

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 1 (1/13/2014) Slide Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics PHYS522 ECE695 (“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) Light Matter (atom) Light