Sizing and Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage for Ramea Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Hybrid Power System Prepared by : Khademul Islam Supervisor : Dr. Tariq Iqbal Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.John’s, Canada April 25, 2011

OUTLINE Introduction Introduction Ramea Hybrid System Specification Ramea Hybrid System Specification System Sizing & Steady State Simulation System Sizing & Steady State Simulation Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Experimental Set-up Experimental Set-up Observations Observations Design of Control System Design of Control System Results and Conclusions Results and Conclusions

INTRODUCTION

Ramea is a small island 10 km from the South coast of Newfoundland. Population is about 700. A traditional fishery community LOCATION OF RAMEA

Hybrid Power System Hybrid systems by definition contain a number of power generation devices such as wind turbines, photovoltaic, micro-hydro and/or fossil fuel generators. The use of renewable power generation systems reduces the use of expensive fuels, allows for the cleaner generation of electrical power and also improves the standard of living for many people in remote areas

Canada is blessed with adequate wind resources. Canada is in a better position to deploy many more number of WECS. WIND ENERGY SCENARIO IN CANADA

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM

Load Characteristics  Peak Load – 1,211 kW  Average Load – 528 kW  Minimum Load – 202 kW  Annual Energy – 4,556 MWh Distribution System  4.16 kV, 2 Feeders Energy Production  Nine wind turbines (6x65 kW and 3x100 kW).  Three diesel generators (3x925 kW).  Hydrogen generators (200 kW) RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Load profile of Ramea

Wind Resource at Ramea  Weibull shape factor –  Correlation factor –  Diurnal pattern strength –

WIND TURBINES & HYDROGEN TANKS IN RAMEA ISLAND

E= ½ Iω 2 Where, I= Moment of Inertia of the Flywheel and ω= Rotational speed of the Flywheel. The amount of energy stored and released E, is calculated by means of the equation FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM High power density. High power density. High energy density. High energy density. No capacity degradation, the lifetime of the flywheel is almost independent of the depth of the discharge and discharge cycle. It can operate equally well on shallow and on deep discharges. Optimizing e.g. battery design for load variations is difficult. No capacity degradation, the lifetime of the flywheel is almost independent of the depth of the discharge and discharge cycle. It can operate equally well on shallow and on deep discharges. Optimizing e.g. battery design for load variations is difficult. No periodic maintenance is required. No periodic maintenance is required. Short recharge time. Short recharge time. Scalable technology and universal localization. Scalable technology and universal localization. Environmental friendly materials, low environmental impact Environmental friendly materials, low environmental impact

Table.1 represents the comparison among the three energy storage system such as Lead –acid battery, superconducting magnetic storage and flywheel storage system. From the above table we see that the flywheel is a mechanical battery with life time more than 20 years. It is also superior to other two with regards to temperature range, environmental impact and relative size

SYSTEM SIZING AND SIMULATION  Smart Energy (SE25) flywheel from Beacon Power Corporation is used for the system sizing which has highly cyclic capability, smart grid attributes, 20-years design life and sustainable technology.  Simulation is done in HOMER. For Homer simulation we used two conditions. 1. Simulation Without Flywheel 2. Simulation With Flywheel Fig: Beacon SE25 Flywheel

HOMER SIMULATION WITHOUT FLYWHEEL

HOMER SIMULATION WITH FLYWHEEL

Comparison of Simulation Results without and with Flywheel Energy Storage System

Considering Factors WithoutFlywheelWithFlywheel Electrical Properties Excess Electricity 3.27%1.94% Renewable Fraction Maximum Renewable Penetration 65.5%76.6% Diesel Generator (D925) Electricity Generation kWh/yr kWh/yr Fuel Consumption L/yr L/yr Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Hours of Operations 752/yr317/yr Number of Starts 43848/yr18727/yr Hydrogen Consumption 7223 kg/yr 3345 kg/yr Mean Electrical efficiency 34.6%34.8% Operational Life 53.2 yr 126 yr Emission Carbon Dioxide kg/yr kg/yr Carbon Monoxide 6349 kg/yr 6092 kg/yr Unburned Hydrocarbon 703 kg/yr 675 kg/yr Sulfur Dioxide 5127 kg/yr 4938 kg/yr SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS FROM HOMER SIMULATION

SIMULATION IN SIMULINK/MATLAB

WS=8m/s WS=6m/s WS=10m/s WS=6m/s WS=10m/sWS=8m/s 65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation

WS=12m/s WS=14m/s 65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result WS=12m/s WS=14m/s

WS= 6m/s WS= 8 m/s 100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result

WS=12m/s WS=14m/s

Figure : Simulink Model of Diesel Generator Figure: Engine and Excitation System of Diesel Generator 925kW Diesel Generator Simulation

Simulation Result of Diesel Generator

SIMULATION OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

Charging of FW Discharging of FW Change in load Change in frequency Effect of load changing in system frequency and flywheel charging and discharging characteristics Wind turbines and diesel generator simulation output of Ramea hybrid power system from Simulink. SIMULATION RESULTS OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

Experimental Set-up

Supply DC Motor/Generator Control- able power supply Control Signal Main Control System Flywheel Grid DC Machine Based FW Storage

Components used Controllable power supply (two) Controllable power supply (two) Phase control relay, 6V dc (two) Phase control relay, 6V dc (two) Electromechanical relay (two) Electromechanical relay (two) DC machine (3Hp/2kw, 1750RPM, 120V) DC machine (3Hp/2kw, 1750RPM, 120V) Data acquisition card [USB1208LS] from measurement computing. (one) Data acquisition card [USB1208LS] from measurement computing. (one) Voltage and Current Sensor (one) Voltage and Current Sensor (one) Speed Sensor [output 0-10V dc ] (one) Speed Sensor [output 0-10V dc ] (one) Cast steel Flywheel rotor (one) Cast steel Flywheel rotor (one) Logic Power Supply(+/- 15 Volts, DC) Logic Power Supply(+/- 15 Volts, DC) A personal Computer A personal Computer

DC Motor Based FW Storage Current Sensor Voltage Sensor Relays Amplifier circuit Data acquisition card Flywheel Disk DC Machine (Motor/Generator)

DC Current Transducer (CR5200)

Double Gain Amplifier

Calibration Curve for the Rotational Speed of the Motor Calibration Curve for the Controllable Power Supply Unit Calibration Curves

Electromechanical Relay and Relay Driving Circuit

CONTROL SYSTEM OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE

Yes No Convert the grid Voltage to Frequency, f Start Initialize Motor Starting Parameters Calculate actual speed of the machine Read Voltage from Tacho Generator Read Voltage from the Grid Operate Relay 1 (Generating Mode) Operate Relay 2 Motoring Mode) Display Results Is f <60 Hz Is f >60 Hz No

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

Summary of Observations Vamax (Volts) Vf (Volt)Load(W) Charge Energy Discharge Energy Efficiency (%) Chrg Time (Sec) Dcrge Time (Sec) E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E

Design of Control System

Optimum Control System Design Parameters Minimum Charging Parameters Minimum Charging Parameters -Vamax=80 Volts, Vf = 100 Volts -Vamax=80 Volts, Vf = 100 Volts Maximum Discharging Parameters Maximum Discharging Parameters - Vf= 100, Load= 100 Watts - Vf= 100, Load= 100 Watts

Armature and Field Control Circuit

Results clearly shows that an addition of a flywheel system will  Reduce excess electricity,  Increase maximum renewable penetration,  Reduce fuel consumption, and number of diesel starts per year,  Increase operational life and reduce emissions. From Ramea system simulation in Simulink, it clearly shows that a step change in the load of 50kW will lead to a frequency deviation of 0.3Hz. System flywheel will provide more that 50kW for few seconds to maintain system frequency.  Based on the Experimental observations, a control system is designed for minimum input energy and maximum output energy.  Visual Basic language is used for the designed control system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Therefore, we suggest an addition of a 25kWh flywheel system to Ramea hybrid power system.

Future Work Pump Hydro Storage For Long Term Storage Pump Hydro Storage For Long Term Storage Advanced Flywheel System. Advanced flywheel system rotate above 20,000 rpm in vacuum enclosure made from high strength carbon composite filament will be very efficient Advanced Flywheel System. Advanced flywheel system rotate above 20,000 rpm in vacuum enclosure made from high strength carbon composite filament will be very efficient

List of Publications: 1. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal “Flywheel Energy Storage System for an Isolated Wind- Hydrogen-Diesel Power System” Presented in WESNet Poster Presentation, CanWEA, 2010, Montreal, Canada 2. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ashshan “Sizing and Simulation of Flywheel Energy Storage System for Ramea Hybrid Power System” Presented at 19th IEEE- NECEC Conference 2010, St. John’s, Canada 3. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ahshan “Experimental Observations for Designing & Controlling of Flywheel Energy Storage System” Presented at 19th IEEE-NECEC Conference 2010, St.John’s, NL, Canada 4. K.Islam and M.T Iqbal “Sizing and Control of Flywheel Energy Storage for a Remote Hybrid Power System” Presented at WESNet Workshop, February 24-25, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada 2011.

Acknowledgment   Dr. Tariq Iqbal   This work is supported by a research grant from the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through WESNet. We also thank Newfoundland Hydro and Memorial University of Newfoundland for providing data and support Also thanks to Razzaqul Ahshan, Nahidul Khan and Greg O Lory

Thanks Questions ?