CELL STRUCTURE Jan Homolak, 2nd year

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Presentation transcript:

CELL STRUCTURE Jan Homolak, 2nd year School of Medicine, Zagreb 4/28/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

The Cell Discovery The Cell Theory The Cell Types Parts of the Cell

Cella = small room

Cell Discovery Robert Hooke - observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) Microphagia - described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells) 1665

Anton van Leeuwenhoek first person to observe living cells 1675

Cell Theory come only from existing cells ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF basic units of structure and function come only from existing cells

Matthias Schleiden (1838) -all plants are composed of cells Theodor Schwann (1839) - all animals are composed of cells Rudolph Virchow (1855) - cells come only from other cells

??? The largest cell in the human body? The smallest cell in the human body? The largest cell on earth? The smallest cell? which cell is the most abundant in the human body? There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells. the female ovum male sperm (175,000 sperm cells weigh as much as a single egg cell) an ostrich egg a tiny bacteria

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes true nucleus Animals Plants Fungi Bacteria

Parts of the Cell taking food transforming food into energy getting rid of wastes reproducing

Cell Membrane Structure: - phospholipid bilayer - proteins: - channels - markers - receptors Function: “selectively permeable boundary between the cell and the external environment”

Nucleus Structure: a sphere Function: -storage center of cell DNA -manages cell functions

Cytoplasm Structure: - gelatin-like fluid - inside the cell membrane Function: -contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules -surrounds the organelles

Cytoskeleton Structure: -network of thin, fibrous elements microtubules microfilaments (actin) Function: -support system -maintains cell shape

Ribosomes Structure: -two subunits made of protein and RNA Function: -protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: -a system of membranous tubules and sacs Function: -”intercellular highway” rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Covered with ribosomes Protein synthesis and export

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxic substances

Golgi Apparatus Structure: -stacked flat sacs Function: -distribution of received proteins (to other organelles or out of the cell) (receiving, processing, packaging, and shipping)

Mitochondria Structure: -folded membrane within an outer membrane Function: - energy conversion (food -> ATP)

Lysosomes Structure: -spherical organelles Function: -contain hydrolytic enzymes

Peroxisomes Structure: -spherical organelles Function: -degrade hydrogen peroxide (toxic metabolic compound)

Centrioles Structure: -nine sets of triplet microtubules -arranged in a ring Function: -cell division (mitosis)