Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles

Subatomic Particles equal in a neutral atom Atomic Number NUCLEUS ELECTRONS equal in a neutral atom PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE QUARKS Atomic Number equals the # of... POSITIVE CHARGE NEUTRAL CHARGE Most of the atom’s mass.

Subatomic Particles Quarks component of protons & neutrons 6 types He 3 quarks = 1 proton (2+, 1-) or 1 neutron (1+, 2-)

Atomic Structure II. Masses of Atoms Mass Number Isotopes Relative Atomic Mass Average Atomic Mass

A. Mass Number mass # = protons + neutrons always a whole number © Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. always a whole number NOT on the Periodic Table!

B. Isotopes Mass # Atomic # Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. Nuclear symbol: Mass # Atomic # Hyphen notation: carbon-12

B. Isotopes © Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.

B. Isotopes Chlorine-37 atomic #: mass #: # of protons: # of electrons: # of neutrons: 17 37 20

C. Relative Atomic Mass 12C atom = 1.992 × 10-23 g atomic mass unit 1 amu = 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom 1 p = 1.007276 amu 1 n = 1.008665 amu 1 e- = 0.0005486 amu © Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.

D. Average Atomic Mass Avg. Atomic Mass weighted average of all isotopes on the Periodic Table round to 2 decimal places Avg. Atomic Mass

D. Average Atomic Mass EX: Calculate the avg. atomic mass of oxygen if its abundance in nature is 99.76% 16O, 0.04% 17O, and 0.20% 18O. Avg. Atomic Mass 16.00 amu

D. Average Atomic Mass EX: Find chlorine’s average atomic mass if approximately 8 of every 10 atoms are chlorine-35 and 2 are chlorine-37. Avg. Atomic Mass 35.40 amu