Reproductive System Make sure to pick up the CORRECT assignment in the basket. They are labeled.

What do you already know? With your partner, put the vocabulary words in the correct column.

Answer Key Male Both Female Sperm Penis Vas deferens Facial hair Testicles Scrotum Emotions Breasts Urethra Deeper voice Testosterone Muscles Pubic hair Acne Sweat Fallopian tubes Period Egg Cervix Ovulation Estrogen Uterus Menstruation Vagina Progesterone

Ground Rules Appropriate and mature behavior/comments are expected. Anatomical terms will be used. Questions that might involve values or ethics, will not be answered, but will be referred home. Personal stories should not include individual names.

Reproductive System What is the purpose of the reproductive system???? It is a group of organs that make possible the production of offspring. A new human life results from the union of two specialized cells, one from a male and the other from a female.

What determines gender of a baby? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOTvgC8DmiE

Vocabulary Reproduction: The process of producing a new human. Fertilization: The process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic materials join to create a new human life. Sperm: Sex cells that are produced by the testes and is needed to fertilize an egg. Eggs (ova): Sex cells that are produced by the ovaries that can be fertilized by sperm.

Female Reproductive System What does the female reproductive system do? It works to make eggs and provide a place to support and nourish a developing human. Let’s look closer. Egg cell

Female Label your diagram.

Ovaries They are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs - Eggs (ova): sex cells that are produced by the ovaries and can be fertilized by sperm - all of the eggs a female will ever have, are in her 2 ovaries when she is born They make the hormones estrogen and progesterone - regulate monthly release of an egg and prepare the body for pregnancy

Uterus Fallopian Tubes Female reproductive organ that provides a place to support a developing human. Also called the womb. Muscular cavity the size of a fist Fallopian Tubes The female reproductive organs that transport an egg from the ovary to the uterus

Vagina The female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus It’s the pathway that a baby takes out of a woman's body during childbirth, called the birth canal Receives sperm/semen during reproduction (the sperm can live up to 5 days) Cervix The lower portion of the uterus It widens during childbirth to allow the baby the exit Menstrual fluid flows from the uterus through it

Bladder The bladder stores the urine which is produced by the kidneys. Urethra Is a tube carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Menstrual Cycle A monthly series of hormone-controlled changes that prepare the uterine lining for a pregnancy. Ovulation- The release of an egg from a follicle in the ovary. - high levels of estrogen and progesterone thicken and maintain the uterine lining - if pregnancy does not occur – estrogen and progesterone level quickly fall

Menstrual Cycle YOUR PERIOD Lining of uterus sheds if there is no fertilization. Lining of the uterus ready to receive the embryo. If egg is fertilized by sperm, embryo travels to the uterus. Days of the Average Menstrual Cycle Lining of uterus begins to thicken in preparation to nourish a fertilized egg OVULATION One egg released

Fertilization Fertilization is the joining of a male and female reproductive cell to make the first cell of a new human. This cell, the fertilized egg, then moves down the fallopian tube and into the uterus. The fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus and begins to grow.

Pathway Of a Fertilized Egg

Problems Females can experience both minor and serious problems with their reproductive systems. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Toxic Shock Syndrome - rare but serious bacterial infection associated with incorrect use of menstrual hygiene products. Can cause a rash and fever. Requires immediate care. Infertility - Caused by blocked fallopian tubes or failure to produce eggs. Ovarian Cysts - growths on the ovary. Any pain, swelling, abnormal bloating, or heaviness in the abdominal region should be evaluated STI’s Cancer - can effect breasts, ovaries, uterus, or cervix

Hygiene Females should have regular checkups by a physician and take good care of their reproductive system. Monthly breast exams Shower regularly Record the menstrual periods Practice abstinence

Male Reproductive System What does the male reproductive system do? It works to produce sperm and deliver it to the female reproductive system. Let’s look closer.

Male Label your diagram.

Scrotum The skin covered sac that hangs from the body, below the penis. It holds the testes and epididymis. Small muscles in the scrotum move the testes closer or farther from the body to help regulate temperature of sperm (if too hot they can become defective). Optimal temperature is about 96 degrees. 

Testes (Testicle) The male reproductive organs that make sperm the male hormone testosterone Two testes rest in the scrotum Starting a puberty, several hundred million sperm each day is produced (as many as 50,000 a minute)

Bladder The bladder stores the urine which is produced by the kidneys.

Penis The male reproductive organ that removes urine from the male’s body and that can deliver sperm to the female reproductive system. Made of soft tissue and blood vessels Erections - it becomes erect or firm due to blood flow into the tissues (During puberty you can have 7-12 a day) Ejaculation - occurs when semen is released from the penis Foreskin – a sheath of skin that covers the tip of the penis Urethra is located here Nocturnal emissions – release of semen (the fluid containing sperm) is discharged from the penis during ejaculation while a guy's asleep

Epididymis Vas Deferens It is a tightly coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored. Sperm stay there until needed. After about 48 hours, the old ones die and are reabsorbed into the body. Vas Deferens A long, muscular tube It transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparations for ejaculation.

Prostate Gland Urethra A gland in males that adds fluids that nourish and protect sperm from the acid in the female reproductive system Urethra Is a tube that passes through the penis. It carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Sperm/semen leave the body during ejaculation from this tube

Seminal Vesicles Semen Produce thick secretions that nourish the sperm and help sperm move easier Found the base of the urinary bladder Semen (Not on your notes) A mixture of sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive organ. (65% fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles, 30% by the prostate, 5% sperm from the testicles and epididymis) When ejaculation occurs on the average about a tablespoon of semen is released In the tablespoon, there are about 500-700 million sperm cells

Problems ( last page of notes ) Males can experience both minor and serious problems with their reproductive systems: Inguinal hernia - may happen after heavy lifting Sterility- not producing enough healthy sperm to have kids Enlarged prostate gland - associated with aging STI’s - Infections spread by sexual contact Cancer - can affect testicles, prostate, other male reproductive organs

Hygiene Males should: Practice self- exam - of scrotum and testicles once a month to check for lumps or unusual swelling Shower/bathe regularly Wear a protective cup or supporter during athletic activities - to prevent accidental injuries Avoid tight underwear – it can lead to low sperm count Practice abstinence from sexual activity

Summary Sperm is produced in testes and mature in the epididymis. Then travels through vas deferens, where it is mixed with seminal fluid created in the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland. Sperm and this fluid is called semen. Ejaculations is when muscles contract and force semen through the urethra and out of the body.