Pinch Hitters The Right Stuff for the Right Seat Flight Controls and Flight Instruments William J. Doyle, Jr., CFII, AGI, IGI, ASC

Parts of An Airplane Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Wing Control Surfaces  Ailerons  move in opposite directions for turns  controls roll (or bank)  controlled by yoke or stick  right pressure turns right  left pressure turns left  Flaps  extend downward to increase lifting force for landings and sometimes takeoffs  controlled by flap handle or switch  pre-selected positions or variable positions

Empennage (Tail) Control Surfaces  Rudder controls yaw  controlled by floor pedals  right pressure moves nose to right  left pressure moves nose to left  Elevator (stabilator on Cherokee) controls pitch  controlled by yoke or stick  forward pressure lowers nose  back pressure raises nose  Trim Tab helps hold pitch attitude  controlled by trim wheel  move wheel forward for nose down trim  move wheel back for nose up trim

Illustration of Typical Panel Layout Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

907th Flight Squadron, Inc Mooney MSE

Mooney Bravo Cockpit

Mooney MSE Cockpit - Left

Mooney MSE Cockpit - Right

Mooney MSE Cockpit - Center

Mooney MSE Cockpit - Floor

Fuel Systems  Gravity Feed System (high wing)  Fuel Pump System (low wing)  Fuel Pressure Gauge  Fuel System Components  Tanks  Fuel Quantity Gauges  Fuel Selection Valve

Airspeed Indicator (ASI) Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Airspeed Indicator (ASI)  V-speeds  Vx = best angle *  Vy = best rate *  Va = maneuvering * (placarded)  Vfe = flap extend  Vs = stall clean configuration  Vso = stall landing configuration  Vno = max structural cruising speed  Vne = never exceed speed  Vle = landing gear extension speed *  Vlo = landing gear operating speed * * not on ASI Arcs  white  bottom= Vso  top = Vfe  green  bottom= Vs  top= Vno  yellow  bottom= Vno  top= Vne  red line= Vne

Turn Coordinator Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Turn Coordinator  Miniature Airplane  Level Index  level flight  no pitch information  Turn Index  standard rate turn (2 minute turn)  Inclinometer  coordinated flight  coordinated turn

Attitude Indicator (AI) Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Attitude Indicator (AI)  Artificial Horizon  blue side up  Miniature Airplane  Pointer  Bank Scale  10  bank  20  bank  30  bank  60  bank  Adjustment Knob

Heading Indicator (Directional Gyro) Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Heading Indicator (Directional Gyro)  Typically “free gyros”  no built-in north-seeking capabilities  Periodically align with compass  Use 360  azimuth  right-most zero omitted  340  is shown as 34  60  is shown as 6  Adjustment Knob

Altimeter Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Altimeter  Components  Altimeter setting  knob  window  Altitude indication scale  100 ft pointer  1,000 ft pointer  10,000 ft pointer

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)  Trend Information  shows information on  increase or decrease in climb speed  increase or decrease in descent speed  level flight  Rate Information  shows stabilized  feet per minute (FPM) rate of descent  feet per minute (FPM) rate of climb  rates appropriate for student pilots are  500 feet per minute (FPM) rate of descent  500 feet per minute (FPM) rate of climb

Magnetic Compass Courtesy of FAA: Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, AC 61-23B

Magnetic Compass  Lubber line  Rotating compass card  turns in opposite direction from DG  Accurate only when flying in smooth air, in straight & level, unaccelerated flight

Rules for Putting It All Together What to Do If an Emergency Occurs Rule 1 - Fly the airplane (maintain flight control) Rule 2 - Follow instructions from ATC Rule 3 - Land the Airplane Any Doubts? Go To Rule 1 Courtsey of Dr. Al Schnur ASC

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