Learning Intentions  To learn about dietary related diseases;  how they develop,  what can be done to prevent them

What do you already know?  Your teacher will ask you a series of questions to see what you already know about Dietary related diseases.

 Obesity is when someone becomes so overweight, the excess weight is a danger to their health, then that person is described as obese.  If we eat too much food and don’t burn off the energy via activity, then this energy is stored as fat.  The energy content of food is measured in calories – so the more calories per portion of food, then the more energy is produced and is needed to be burnt off.

 Foods linked to Obesity include: - Foods with visible saturated fat - Food with high salt contributions - Foods with high sugar content - Processed foods are quick to prepare, convenient to consume and generally cheaper than fresh foods but don’t provide us with a balanced diet but a diet full of sugar, fat, salt and additives.

 There are many ways to try and prevent Obesity these include: - Basing meals on starchy carbohydrates such as pasta, rice and potatoes. - Eating fibre rich foods such as lentils, beans, oats and fruit and vegetables. - Eating breakfast - Contolling portion sizes  Things to avoid include: - Fatty foods, fried foods - Drinks and confectionary high in added sugar - Other foods high in fat, sugar and salt such as takeaway foods and fast foods.

 Heart disease or Coronary Heart disease (CHD) is when fatty deposits surround organs and clog up arteries and can lead to heart attacks, angina (chest pain) and strokes.  CHD is the biggest killer in the UK  Over time arteries become narrow and don’t allow enough oxygen to circulate around the body which causes angina. If a piece of the fatty material detaches from the walls of the arteries it can cause a clot to form which stops oxygen and blood getting to the heart and results in a heart attack. A stroke is caused by blood and oxygen not getting to the brain due to blocked arteries in the neck. This can affect the brain functioning causing the body not reacting and stopping the brain thinking.

 Things that can increase the risk of Heart Disease include: - Smoking - High Blood Pressure - High Cholesterol - Physical Inactivity - Being overweight or obese - Diabetes - Family history of CHD

 Foods that are linked to Heart Disease include:  Foods that are high in salt – can cause high blood pressure  Foods that are high in saturated fat – can cause high cholesterol  Foods high in sugar – Can lead to diabetes if blood glucose levels are not controlled

 Ways in which CHD can be prevented include: - Stopping smoking - Controlling High Blood Pressure - Reducing cholesterol levels - Being Physically Active - Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight - Controlling blood glucose levels - Eating a healthy balanced diet.

 Tooth decay or dental caries is when teeth start to break down through bacteria attacking teeth. There are various stages of tooth decay starting with small white spots of teeth appearing to a tooth having to be extracted due to rotting.

 Your mouth is full of bacteria, which combine with small food particles and saliva to form a sticky film known as plaque, which builds up on your teeth.  When you consume food and drink that is high in carbohydrates (sugary or starchy), the bacteria in plaque turn the carbohydrates into the energy they need, producing acid at the same time.  Over time, the acid in plaque begins to break down the surface of your tooth. Left untreated, the plaque can completely destroy the outside of the tooth and expose the nerves inside. Once this happens, you will have toothache. Without treatment the tooth eventually falls out.

 Sugary and Starchy Carbohydrates  Fizzy drinks  Sugar rich foods  Salty foods

 Tooth decay can be prevented by ensuring teeth and gums are brushed using a flouride toothpaste  Spend at least 3 minutes brushing teeth properly ensuring all parts of teeth are brushed  Use a small toothbrush to get into all the places in between teeth where plaque can build up easily.  Flossing teeth regularly can help get rid of build ups that a toothbrush cant reach in between teeth  Don’t brush too hard, this can cause damage to your gums!  Limit consumption of sugary and starchy foods  Visit your dentist regularly.

 There are different types of anaemia however the main type of anaemia is Iron deficiency anaemia. This occurs when not enough red blood cells are formed due to a lack in intake of the mineral Iron. Anaemia can cause tiredness and lethargy (lack of energy)

 Anaemia is caused by a lack in Iron.  Iron is a mineral that is naturally found in certain foods including: Red meat, dried fruit and some vegetables such as dark green vegetables like broccoli.  Iron produces haemoglobin in blood cells. Haemoglobin helps store and transport oxygen from the lungs around the rest of the body.

 Anaemia is more common in women due to menstruation and during pregnancy.  If Iron is not obtained through the natural mineral found in certain foods then supplements can be taken which are generally very effective.  Eat Iron rich foods

Hide and Seek  You will be given a hide and seek sheet on the dietary diseases you have been finding out about today  There are information cards around the room and there are also textbooks to help you find information  Once the information is found, write it down on your sheet.  You have 10 minutes to complete this!