Identification Introduction – In addition to verbal reports – Order of identification The ones most easily identified from a distance – Order of risk The least amount of risk to the most amount of risk to the responder

Identification Introduction – 1. Occupancy types, locations, and pre- incident surveys – 2. Container shapes – 3. Transportation placards, labels, and markings – 4. Other markings and colors (nontransportation) – 5. Written resources – 6. Senses – 7. Monitoring devices and detection devices

Identification Clue 1 – Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Local emergency response plans – Required by federal law to be completed and reviewed annually by the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) – Increases decision making accuracy » Product identification – Increases decision making time » Response route » Resources needed

Identification Clue 1 – Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Occupancy Types – High probable locations for finding signification quantities of hazardous materials » Fuel storage facilities » Paint supply stores » Photo processing laboratories » Feed / Farm stores » Print shops » Warehouses

Identification Clue 1 – Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Incident Locations – Roadways – Railways – Waterways – Airways – Pipelines

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Bulk / nonbulk packaging – Bulk » Materials loaded with no intermediate form of containment Cargo tank, railcar, portable tank » Maximum capacity > 119 gallons » Maximum net mass > 882 pounds

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Bulk / nonbulk packaging – Non-Bulk » Smaller than the minimum criteria established for bulk packaging Drums Boxes Bags » May have a form of intermediate containment

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Bulk-capacity fixed-facility containers – Buildings – Aboveground storage tanks – Machinery – Underground storage tanks – Pipelines – Reactors – Upon piles or bins

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Aboveground storage tanks – 1. Atmospheric / Nonpressure » <0.5 psi – 2. Pressure tanks » Low pressure 0.5 – 15 psi » Pressure vessels >15 psi

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Horizontal Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Cone Roof Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Open Top Floating Roof Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Covered Top Floating Roof Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Atmospheric Underground Storage Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (Low Pressure) – Dome Roof Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (Low Pressure) – Spheroid Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (High Pressure) – Horizontal Pressure Vessel

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (High Pressure) – Spherical Pressure Vessel

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (High Pressure) – Cryogenic – Liquid Storage Tank

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Carry capacities in excess of 30,000 gallons – Tank cars carry the bulk of the hazardous materials transported by rail » Nonpressure tanks cars » Pressure tank cars » Cryogenic liquid tank cars » Hopper cars » Boxcars » Special service cars

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Nonpressure tank car » Also known as “general service” or “low-pressure” » Vapor pressure <25 psi » Contain 4,000-45,000 gallons May be compartmentalized with up to 6 compartments » Cylindrical with rounded ends (heads) They have at least one manway access

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Nonpressure tank car without expansion dome

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Pressure tank car » Pressures >25 psi » Contain 4,000-45,000 gallons Noncompartmentalized » Cylindrical with rounded ends (heads) » Typically top loading cars Valves located inside the protective housing Used to distinguish between pressure and nonpressure tank cars

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Pressure tank car

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Cryogenic liquid tank car » Low pressure <25 psi » Argon » Hydrogen » Nitrogen » Liquid oxygen (NOX) » Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Cryogenic liquid tank car

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Other railroad cars » Pneumatically Unloaded Hopper Car

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Other railroad cars » High Pressure Tube Car

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Most must meet governmental tank-safety specifications » MC or DOT/TC followed by a three-digit number Ie – MC 306 Ie – DOT/TC 406 – Nonspec tanks » Tank must be designed for a specific purpose

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Nonpressure liquid tank » Vapor pressure <3 psi » MC 306 or DOT/TC 406

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Low-pressure chemical tank » Vapor pressure <40 psi » MC 307 or DOT/TC 407

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Corrosive liquid tank » Vapor pressure <75 psi » MC 312

Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Dry bulk cargo tank » Vapor pressure < 22 psi

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings UN Recommendations – Adopted by U.S., Canada, Mexico » Hazard classes » Commodity identification numbers » Placards » Labels » Markings

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings Hazard Classes – Class 1: Explosives – Class 2:Gases – Class 3:Flammable liquids – Class 4:Flammable solids – Class 5:Oxidizing substances – Class 6:Toxic and infectious substances – Class 7: Radioactive materials – Class 8:Corrosive substances – Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings UN Commodity Identification Numbers – Four-digit number that is used in conjunction with illustrated placards

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Placards – Diamond-shaped, colored coded sign – Used to identify the materials in transportation containers Background Color Hazard Symbol Diamond shaped Hazard Class Number 4-Digit ID Number or Hazard Class Designation

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Placards – Color coding Explosive Oxidizer Flammable Health Hazard Water Reactive Nonflammable Gas

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Symbols ExplosiveOxidizerRadioactive PoisonCorrosiveNonflammable Gas Flammable

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Labels – Provide same information as vehicle placards – Found on packages – 3.9 inch square-on-point diamonds

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Markings – By the DOT definition » A descriptive name » A weight » A specification – Includes » Instructions » Cautions » UN marks

Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Markings

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System – Found on fixed facilities » Doesn’t tell you exactly what the chemical or chemicals are 0-4 rating 4 44

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System Health – 4 — Severe hazard – 3 — Serious hazard – 2 — Moderate hazard – 1 — Slight hazard – 0 — Minimal hazard Flammability – 4 — Flammable gases, volatile liquids, pyrophoric materials – 3 — Ignites at ambient temperatures – 2 — Ignites when moderately heated – 1 — Must be preheated to burn – 0 — Will not burn 4 44

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System 4 44 Instability – 4 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at ambient conditions – 3 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition with strong initiating source – 2 — Violent chemical change possible at elevated temperature and pressure – 1 — Normally stable, but becomes unstable if heated – 0 — Normally stable Special hazards Located at 6 o’clock Have no special background although white is most often used May contain one of two special symbols W — Unusual reactivity with water OX — Oxidizer

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Manufacturers’ Labels and Signal Words – Caution » Product may have minor health effects – Warning » Product had moderate hazards – Danger » Highest degree of hazard – Poison » Highly toxic materials » Must have “danger” label

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Division 1: Mass Explosion » Equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.1 – Division 2: Explosion with Fragment Hazard » Equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.2

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Division 3: Mass Fire » Equivalent to DOT/UN 1.3 – Division 4: Moderate Fire – No Blast » Equivalent to DOT/UN 1.4

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear full protective clothing “Red you’re Dead” Highly toxic chemicals May cause death or serious damage

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear full protective clothing “Yellow you’re Mellow” Presence of harassing agents Riot control agents and smokes

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear full protective clothing “White is Bright” Presence of white phosphorus Other spontaneously combustibles

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear breathing apparatus Intense heat hazard

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Apply no water Dangerous reaction with water

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards (Supplemental) » G-Type nerve agents » VX nerve agents » Incapacitating nerve agents

Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards (Supplemental) » H-type mustard agent » Blister agent » Lewisite blister agent

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Shipping Papers – Must accompany the shipment of hazardous materials – Indicates origin, destination, route and product » Bill of Lading Used by the trucking industry » Waybill Used by the railroad industry » Air Bill Used by the air industry » Dangerous Cargo Manifest Used by water shipping industry

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) – Detailed information bulletin – Prepared by the manufacturer » Chemical identity » Manufacturer’s information » Hazardous ingredients » Physical and chemical characteristics » Fire and explosion data » Reactivity data » Health hazard » Precautions » Control measures

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Yellow Pages ID Number Index

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Blue Pages Material Name Index

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Orange Pages Initial Action Guides

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Green Pages Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Small spill » Involves a single small package » <53 gallons – Large spill » Involves a spill from a large package » >53 gallons » Spill involving several small packages

Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Inventory Records and Facility Documents – Shipping and receiving documents – Inventory records – Risk management and hazardous communication plans – Chemical inventory reports

Identification Clue 6 – Senses Vision is definitely the safest of the five senses – Use binoculars from a safe distance » Container deterioration » Containers bulging » Sick humans » Dead or dying birds, animals, insects or fish » Discoloration of valves or piping Statements from victims or witnesses – Smells – Tastes

Identification Clue 7 – Monitoring and Detection Devices Combustible Gas Indicator – Detects the concentration of combustible gases and vapors in the air Two-, Three-, and Four-Gas Monitors – Combustible gases – Oxygen concentrations – Carbon monoxide levels – Hydrogen sulfide levels

Identification Clue 7 – Monitoring and Detection Devices Other Monitoring / Detection Devices – Photoionization detectors (PID) » Used to detect the concentrations of many organic and some inorganic gases and vapors at the same time – Specific chemical detectors » Devices used to sound an alarm when the presence of a specific chemical is detected Carbon monoxide detector Chlorine detector Hydrogen cyanide detector

Identification Clue 7 – Monitoring and Detection Devices Other Monitoring / Detection Devices – Indicator papers and Ph meters » Used to measure specific hazards – Detector tubes » Detect a variety of gas vapors – Radiation monitors » Detects alpha, beta, gamma radiation – Personal dosimeters » Worn as badges

Identification Works Cited N.F.P.A. 472 “Standard for Competence of responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents” 2008 Edition N.F.P.A 1001 “Standard for Professional Firefighter Qualifications” 2008 Edition N.F.P.A “Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System” 2008 Edition O.S.H.A 29 CFR “Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response” U.S. DOT “Emergency Response Guidebook” 2008 Edition