 Energy conservation  Economic – Increased property values  Beauty  Wildlife/ecological benefits  Carbon sequestration  Noise abatement  Urban hydrology  Psychological/societal values  Climate modification (especially cooling and wind)  Tourism  Mitigation from hurricane-force winds – with a healthy urban forest Benefits of the Urban Forest Considerations for a Healthy Urban Forest  Plant a mixture of species, ages, and layers (shrubs, trees)  Plant trees from “Medium-High” and “Highest” Wind Resistance lists  Match to your local conditions  Give trees adequate rooting space with no obstructions (sidewalk, house, etc)  Small trees – at least 10’ x 10’  Large trees – at least 30’ x 30’  Consider planting groups of trees (at least 5 trees)  Consider soil properties when deciding what to plant (e.g. soil depth, high water table, compaction)  Give trees adequate aerial space considering their crown size Duryea,Kampf,& Littell, UF/IFAS, November  Consult with a certified arborist  Have tree health evaluated – remove hazard trees  Consider removing trees that are on the “Lowest Wind Resistance” list if they are over-mature and endangering property or life  Prune trees (especially dicots) regularly  Do not over-prune; palms only need to have dead leaves removed  If sidewalks or trenches are installed next to a tree, be aware of root damage (and lack of anchoring)  Avoid damage to the trunk of a tree (e.g. mechanical weed control damage or piling mulch around the base) Establishing New Trees Managing Established Trees Tropical/Subtropical Trees

Dicots  Bursera simaruba, gumbo limbo  Carya floridana, FL scrub hickory  Conocarpus erectus, buttonwood  Chrysobalanus icaco, cocoplum  Cordia sebestena, geiger tree  Eugenia axillaris, white stopper  Eugenia confusa, redberry  Eugenia foetida, boxleaf stopper  Ilex cassine, dahoon holly  Krugiodendron ferreum, ironwood  Lagerstroemia indica, crape myrtle  Podocarpus spp, podocarpus  Guaiacum sanctum, lignum vitae  Magnolia grandiflora, southern magnolia  Quercus virginiana, live oak  Quercus geminata, sand live oak Conifers  Taxodium distichum var. distichum, baldcypress  Taxodium distichum var. nutans, pondcypress Palms  Butia capitata, pindo  Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, areca  Coccothrinax argentata, FL silver  Hyophorbe lagenicaulis, bottle  Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, spindle  Latania loddigesii, blue latan  Livistona chinensis, Chinese fan  Phoenix canariensis, Canary Island date Dicots  Annona glabra, pond apple  Calophyllum calaba, Brazilian beautyleaf  Chrysophyllum oliviforme, satinleaf  Coccoloba uvifera, sea grape  Coccoloba diversifolia, pigeon plum  Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum  Lysiloma latsiliqua, wild tamarind  Magnolia virginiana, sweetbay magnolia  Nyssa sylvatica, black tupelo  Sideroxylon foetidissimum, mastic  Simarouba glauca, paradise tree  Swietenia mahagoni, mahogany Palms  Caryota mitis, fishtail  Cocos nucifera, coconut  Neodypsis decaryi, triangle  Roystonea elata, royal  Washingtonia robusta, Washington fan Fruit Trees  Litchi chinensis, lychee Tropical/Subtropical Trees Draft * Invasive, not recommended by IFAS Medium-High Wind Resistance Highest Wind Resistance  Phoenix dactylifera, date  Phoenix reclinata, Senegal date*  Phoenix roebelenii, pygmy date  Ptychosperma elegans, Alexander  Sabal palmetto, cabbage  Thrinax morrisii, key thatch  Thrinax radiata, Florida thatch  Veitchia merrillii, Manila Duryea,Kampf,& Littell, UF/IFAS, November 2005

Dicots  Casuarina equisetifolia, Australian pine***  Cassia fistula, golden shower  Chorisia speciosa, floss-silk tree  Ficus benjamina, weeping banyan  Grevillea robusta, silk oak  Jacaranda mimosifolia, jacaranda  Melaleuca quinquenervia, melaleuca***  Quercus nigra, water oak  Peltophorum pterocarpa, yellow poinciana  Prunus caroliniana, Carolina laurelcherry  Sapium sebiferum, Chinese tallow***  Spathodea campanulata, African tuliptree  Tabebuia aurea, silver trumpet tree  Ulmus parvifolia, Chinese elm Conifers  Araucaria heterophylla, Norfolk Island pine  x Cupressocyparis leylandii, leyland cypress  Juniperus silicicola, southern red cedar  Pinus clausa, sand pine Palms  Syagrus romanzoffiana, queen Fruit Trees  Persea americana, avocado Lowest Wind Resistance Dicots  Acer rubrum, red maple  Bauhinia blakeana, Hong-Kong orchid  Bucidas buceras, black olive  Callistemon spp, bottlebrush  Cinnamomum camphora, camphor*  Delonix regia, royal poinciana  Enterolobium cyclocarpum, ear tree  Eriobotrya japonica, loquat**  Ficus aurea, strangler fig  Kigelia pinnata, sausage tree  Eucalyptus cinera, silverdollar eucalyptus  Quercus laurifolia, laurel oak  Myrica cerifera, wax myrtle  Persea borbonia, redbay  Platanus occidentalis, sycamore  Tabebuia heterophylla, pink trumpet tree  Terminalia catappa, tropical almond Conifers  Pinus elliottii var. densa, slash pine  Pinus palustris, longleaf pine Fruit Trees  Averrhoa carambola, star-fruit, carambola  Citrus spp, oranges, limes, grapefruit  Mangifera indica, mango * Invasive, not recommended by IFAS ** Caution: manage to prevent escape *** Prohibited in FL Medium-Low Wind Resistance Tropical/Subtropical Trees Duryea,Kampf,& Littell, UF/IFAS, November Draft