Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Chapter 6 Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth
Methods of Fertility Control Fertility - ability to reproduce Conception - fertilization of an ovum by a sperm Contraception - prevention of conception Condom - latex cover for penis to catch sperm upon ejaculation
Methods of Fertility Control Contraception effectiveness rate - % of women who become pregnant while correctly using a method contraception Oral Contraception -” the pill” - prevents ovulation / regulating hormones
Methods of Fertility Control Morning-after pill - taken within three days after intercourse Spermicides - kills sperm Female Condom - single- use polyurethane sheath Diaphragm - latex device to prevent sperm access to uterus
Methods of Fertility Control Intrauterine devise (IUD) - T shaped device implanted into uterus Withdrawal - removing the penis before ejaculation Depo-Provera - injectable form of BC lasts three months
Methods of Fertility Control Norplant - 6 silicon capsules surgically inserted under the skin of women’s upper arm Fertility awareness methods - natural methods…… examples Cervical mucus method - based on specific changes to cervical mucus Body temp. method - monitor body temperature for signals of ovulation
Methods of Fertility Control Calendar Methods - mapping the woman’s menstrual cycle for safer time for intercourse Sterilization - permanent fertility control through surgical procedures
Methods of Fertility Control Tubal Ligation - female has fallopian tubes cut and tied off Hysterectomy - removal of uterus Vasectomy - male has vasa deferentia cut and tied off
Abortion - medical means of terminating pregnancy Vacuum aspirations - gentle suction to remove foetal Dilation + Evacuation - foetal is both sucked and scraped out of the uterus Hysterectomy - surgical removal of foetal Induction abortion - chemicals used to remove foetal from uterus
Planning a Pregnancy Emotional Health Paternal Health Financial Evaluation Contingency Planning
Pregnancy Prenatal care - living a healthy lifestyle Choosing a Practitioner Alcohol and Drugs Tertogenic -causing birth defects from drugs, chemicals, x-rays or disease Foetal alcohol syndrome - a collection of problems……mental retardation
The Process Early signs of Pregnancy missed menstrual cycle breast tenderness extreme fatigue sleeplessness emotional upset nausea vomiting (morning sickness)
Trimesters - a three month segment during pregnancy with specific developmental characteristics The First Trimester The Second Trimester The Third Trimester
Prenatal Testing & Screening Amniocentesis - fluid drawn from the amniotic sac / identify specific medical problems Amniotic sac -protective pouch surrounding baby
Childbirth - Choosing Where to Have Your Baby Hospitals Birthing centers, etc, etc. Labour and Delivery - Transition -cervix almost completely dilated / foetus head moves into birth canal Episotomy - straight incision into the mother’s perineum Afterbirth - expelled placenta
Childbirth Prenatal Education Drugs in the Delivery Room Breast-Feeding and the Postpartum Period Postpartum depression - low energy, anxiety, mood swings and depression
Complications - problems that can occur even with a successful pregnancy caesarian section (C-Section) removal of baby via incision of abdominal and uterine walls Rh factor - blood protein related to antibody development …..if a Rh -negative mother has a Rh-positive baby / mother’s antibodies will attack the baby
Complications - problems that can occur even with a successful pregnancy Stillbirth - birth of a dead baby Miscarriage - loss of foetus before viable / spontaneous abortion Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - infants under one year of age
Infertility - Difficulties in Conceiving Pelvic inflammatory disease - infection that scars the fallopian tubes / blocks sperm migration Endometriosis - uterine lining establishes itself outside uterus
Infertility - Difficulties in Conceiving Low sperm count - leading cause of infertility in men / below 60 million sperm per millilitre of semen Fertility drugs -hormones to stimulate ovulation in women
Alternative Insemination - partner's or donor’s sperm deposited into a women’s vagina / doctor supervised In vitro fertilization - “test tube baby” Gamete intrafallopian Non-surgical Embryo Transfer Embryo Transfer Embryo Freezing Surrogate Motherhood