Contraceptive Information

Is the RISK worth it? Risk Avoidance Risk Avoidance This means that there is no chance you would be impacted by sex This means that there is no chance you would be impacted by sex Abstinence is the only guarantee to avoid the risks of sex Abstinence is the only guarantee to avoid the risks of sex Risk Reduction Risk Reduction This means that the chance sex would impact you negatively are lessened or reduced Condoms reduce the risk of STDs and pregnancy Birth Control reduces the risk of pregnancy

Pregnancy Happens When… If sperm has a way of getting inside the vagina, pregnancy can occur If sperm has a way of getting inside the vagina, pregnancy can occur Sperm are so small that enough to populate the entire world would fit inside a thimble.

Female’s Reproductive System At the upper corners of the uterus, the fallopian tubes connect the uterus to the ovaries. The ovaries are two oval-shaped organs that lie to the upper right and left of the uterus. They produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes in the process called ovulation. Ova (eggs) are produced in the ovary of the female; they are formed from reproductive cells

Male’s Reproductive System Sperm cells are made in the testes where it takes about 72 days for one sperm to grow. The sperm make up only about 5% of what a man ejaculates each time he ejaculates. This represents about 100 to 400 million of them each time! Therefore, they are very, very tiny, in fact a single sperm is the smallest cell in the body. Over the course of a guy’s life, he’ll produce more than 12 trillion sperm.

Iredell County Teen Pregnancies years old= 107 Pregnancies 18 years old = 70 Pregnancies 17 years old = 61 Pregnancies 16 years old = 33 Pregnancies 15 years old = 14 Pregnancies 14 years old = 8 Pregnancies Total = 293 Pregnancies This equals on average 1 per middle school and 57 per high school each year This equals on average 1 per middle school and 57 per high school each year years old= 124 Pregnancies 18 years old = 83 Pregnancies 17 years old = 55 Pregnancies 16 years old = 31 Pregnancies 15 years old = 25 Pregnancies 14 years old = 4 Pregnancies Total = 322 Pregnancies This equals on average 1 per every other middle school and 64 per high school each year This equals on average 1 per every other middle school and 64 per high school each year

Contraceptives: Risk Reduction for Pregnancy Contraceptives: Risk Reduction for Pregnancy 3 types: 3 types: Abstinence - No sex = No pregnancy Abstinence - No sex = No pregnancy Barrier – Keep the sperm from getting to the egg Barrier – Keep the sperm from getting to the egg Male Condom, Female Condom, Vaginal Barriers Male Condom, Female Condom, Vaginal Barriers Hormonal – Keep the female from releasing an egg Hormonal – Keep the female from releasing an egg Pill, Patch, Ring, Shot, IUD, Implanon Pill, Patch, Ring, Shot, IUD, Implanon *Typical use refers to failure rates for those whose use is not consistent or always correct. **Perfect use refers to failure rates for those whose use is consistent and always correct.

Male Condoms Advantages Protection Against STD’s and HIV!* Protection Against STD’s and HIV!* When used every time for all sex acts including oral sex and used correctly (4 Steps) When used every time for all sex acts including oral sex and used correctly (4 Steps) Protects against Pregnancy! Protects against Pregnancy! When used correctly – See above When used correctly – See above Accessibility No medical exam, fitting or prescription required Accessibility No medical exam, fitting or prescription required Low cost (Free at Health Department) Low cost (Free at Health Department) Minimal side effects Minimal side effects Disadvantages Have to check expiration dates and store them correctly Have to know how to use them May reduce sensitivity There are a variety of condoms that can help with this complaint Someone saying they do not like using condoms because of this- does not really understand the responsibility of being sexually active Latex allergy Plastic or Polyurethane condoms are an alternative

How effective are condoms? Up to a 98-99% when used consistently and correctly. Up to a 98-99% when used consistently and correctly. When calculating in human error can be 85% or below. When calculating in human error can be 85% or below. So out of every 100 couples using condoms as their only form of birth control, at least 15 couples will get pregnant. So out of every 100 couples using condoms as their only form of birth control, at least 15 couples will get pregnant. The Female Condom is not as effective as the male condom: 79-95% effective The Female Condom is not as effective as the male condom: 79-95% effective Two condoms should never be used at the same time! This includes a female condom and a male condom or two male condoms.

Vaginal Barriers Advantages Protects against Pregnancy! Protects against Pregnancy! When used correctly When used correctly Minimal side effects Minimal side effects They do not alter a female’s hormone pattern They do not alter a female’s hormone pattern Can be inserted 30 minutes before sex. Can be inserted 30 minutes before sex. Use only when need. Use only when need. Only the female condom protects against STD’s. Only the female condom protects against STD’s. Disadvantages Vaginal discomfort Vaginal discomfort Latex allergy Latex allergy Vaginal and Urinary tract infections Vaginal and Urinary tract infections Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxic Shock Syndrome Cervical cap and Diaphragm have to be fitted. Cervical cap and Diaphragm have to be fitted. Does not protect against HIV or STDs! Lea’s ShieldFemCap Diaphragm

Are Vaginal Barriers Effective? Effectiveness: 80-95% depending on usage Effectiveness: 80-95% depending on usage These methods are not widely used because they take practice and can be costly.

Spermicides Creams,jellies, contraceptive foams,and contraceptive films Creams,jellies, contraceptive foams,and contraceptive films No Prescription need No Prescription need Relatively cheap. Relatively cheap. By itself it is 70% effective against pregnancy By itself it is 70% effective against pregnancy 94% effective when used with other barrier methods such as condoms 94% effective when used with other barrier methods such as condoms Does not protect against HIV and STD’s! Does not protect against HIV and STD’s!

Birth Control Pill Advantages Protects against pregnancy Protects against pregnancy When taken at the same time everyday!! When taken at the same time everyday!! Regulates period Regulates period No interruptions No interruptions Disadvantages Has to be taken SAME TIME EVERY DAY Has to be taken SAME TIME EVERY DAY Pharmacists have suggested within the same hour every day… Can cause vomiting and nausea Can cause vomiting and nausea Can cause weight gain (<10 lbs) Can cause weight gain (<10 lbs) Prescription needed Prescription needed DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST HIV AND STDS! DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST HIV AND STDS!

Does it work? Taken the SAME TIME EVERYDAY! If you cannot remember to take a pill at the same time every day, this method of contraception is not for you! The pill is one of the most effective reversible methods of birth control. It is from 92-99% effective against pregnancy. The pill is one of the most effective reversible methods of birth control. It is from 92-99% effective against pregnancy. Other medications can impact how well it works, especially antibiotics. Other medications can impact how well it works, especially antibiotics.

Depo-Provera aka “The Shot” Advantages Protects against Pregnancy! Protects against Pregnancy! Good for 3 months Good for 3 months No need to remember daily No need to remember daily No interruptions No interruptions Disadvantages Have to have a prescription Have to have a prescription Physicians visit to get the shot Physicians visit to get the shot May cause weight change May cause weight change May cause irregular periods May cause irregular periods Does not protect against HIV and STDs! Does not protect against HIV and STDs! Effectiveness: Effectiveness: 97-99% or greater

Nuva Ring Advantages Protects against Pregnancy! Protects against Pregnancy! Lower blood levels of estrogen Lower blood levels of estrogen Steady release of hormones Steady release of hormones Mild side effects Mild side effects Once a month self- administration Once a month self- administration No interruptions No interruptions Disadvantages Need prescription, has to be refrigerated Need prescription, has to be refrigerated Physician’s visit to learn how to insert the ring Physician’s visit to learn how to insert the ring Does not protect against HIV and STDs! Does not protect against HIV and STDs! 92-99% Effective 92-99% Effective

Ortho-Evra “The Patch” Advantages Protects against pregnancy! Protects against pregnancy! No interruptions No interruptions Easy to use Easy to use Once weekly application Once weekly application Can use the patch while doing normal activities (bathing, exercising, etc) Can use the patch while doing normal activities (bathing, exercising, etc) Disadvantages Prescription required Prescription required Physician’s visit required Physician’s visit required Side effects include irritation at application site, headache, nausea, upper respiratory infection and menstrual cramps Side effects include irritation at application site, headache, nausea, upper respiratory infection and menstrual cramps Does not protect against HIV and STDs! Does not protect against HIV and STDs! 99% or greater with perfect use 99% or greater with perfect use

IUDs “Intrauterine Device” 99% effective IUDs work by preventing sperm from joining with an egg by affecting the way they move. The hormone in Mirena increases effectiveness. IUDs also alter the lining of the uterus. IUDs work by preventing sperm from joining with an egg by affecting the way they move. The hormone in Mirena increases effectiveness. IUDs also alter the lining of the uterus. IUDs can be left in the body from 5 to 10 years depending on the type of device. IUDs can be left in the body from 5 to 10 years depending on the type of device. It is very important to remember that the IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. It is very important to remember that the IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Implanon Advantages Lasts for up to 3 years Lasts for up to 3 years Covered by most insurance companies Covered by most insurance companies In-office procedure In-office procedure Can be removed at any time Can be removed at any time Over 99% effective Over 99% effectiveDisadvantages Prescription and doctor’s visit needed Prescription and doctor’s visit needed Can be painful Can be painful Requires a doctor to remove the device Requires a doctor to remove the device Is affected by other medications Is affected by other medications

Emergency Contraception EC is to be used when another method of birth control has failed EC is to be used when another method of birth control has failed Broken condom Broken condom Missed pill Missed pill Or when no method of Birth Control was used Or when no method of Birth Control was used EC is 89% effective, effectiveness decreases the longer after sex it is taken EC is 89% effective, effectiveness decreases the longer after sex it is taken EC is a high dose of hormones and must be taken within 5 days after intercourse EC is a high dose of hormones and must be taken within 5 days after intercourse People 17 and older can receive EC at their local pharmacy Younger teens would need to visit a clinic or their doctor for a prescription EC is not the same as the abortion pill EC is not the same as the abortion pill If you are pregnant EC will not abort the pregnancy

Contraception Recap Nothing but abstinence is 100% effective against pregnancy or STDs Nothing but abstinence is 100% effective against pregnancy or STDs Using both condoms and birth control can reduce the risk associated with sex Using both condoms and birth control can reduce the risk associated with sex Contraception only works when a person uses it correctly, and even then sometimes it can fail Contraception only works when a person uses it correctly, and even then sometimes it can fail

Resources To be tested for STDs To be tested for STDs Your doctor can test you for STDs Your doctor can test you for STDs Your doctor will charge you for the visit Your doctor will charge you for the visit Local health clinics such as the Health Department can test you for STDs Local health clinics such as the Health Department can test you for STDs There is no charge at health clinics or Health Departments There is no charge at health clinics or Health Departments To receive Birth Control To receive Birth Control Your doctor can prescribe birth control for you following an exam Your doctor can prescribe birth control for you following an exam There would be a fee for the medicine and for the office visit Local health clinics or the Health Department offers free Birth Control to teenagers following an free exam Local health clinics or the Health Department offers free Birth Control to teenagers following an free exam Iredell County Health Department (704) , (704)