Origins of American Government Review American Government Mr. Bordelon

Ordered, limited, representative government Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights, Virginia Bill of Rights, Bill of Rights New England Confederation, Albany Plan of Union, Stamp Act Congress First and Second Continental Congresses Declaration of Independence (Hobbes, Locke) Popular sovereignty, limited gov’t, checks and balances, civil rights Articles of Confederation Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plans Connecticut Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise Influences on Constitution Federalists and anti-federalists ratification

Main Ideas What three ideas on government did the colonists bring with them from England?

Main Ideas What three ideas on government did the colonists bring with them from England? – Ordered, limited and representative government.

Main Ideas What rights did the Magna Carta guarantee?

Main Ideas What rights did the Magna Carta guarantee? – Trial by jury – Due process – Private property

Main Ideas What rights did the Petition of Right guarantee?

Main Ideas What rights did the Petition of Right guarantee? – Trial by jury – Due process – No martial law in time of peace – No quartering of the king’s troops without consent – No tax without Parliament consent

Main Ideas What rights did the English Bill of Rights guarantee?

Main Ideas What rights did the English Bill of Rights guarantee? – Trial by jury – Due process – No cruel and unusual punishment – No excessive bail or fines – Right to bear arms – Right to petition king for grievances

Main Ideas What rights did the Bill of Rights guarantee?

Main Ideas What rights did the Bill of Rights guarantee? – Trial by jury – Due process – Private property – No cruel and unusual punishment – No excessive bail or fines – Right to bear arms – Right to petition – No unreasonable searches and seizures – Freedom of speech – Freedom of the press – Freedom of religion

Main Ideas Who suggested the Albany Plan of Union? What was it exactly?

Main Ideas Who suggested the Albany Plan of Union? What was it exactly? – Ben Franklin. – Annual congress of delegates from each of the 13 colonies.

Main Ideas Which Congress created the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation?

Main Ideas Which Congress created the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation? – Second Continental Congress

Main Ideas When was the Declaration of Independence written? What two political philosophers were independence on it?

Main Ideas When was the Declaration of Independence written? What two political philosophers were independence on it? Why is it important? – July 4, 1776 – Thomas Hobbes and John Locke – Founding document declaring the official separation between colonies and England.

Main Idea What is popular sovereignty?

Main Idea What is popular sovereignty? – Government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed. The people hold power and are sovereign.

Main Idea What is the idea behind separation of powers and checks and balances?

Main Idea What is the idea behind separation of powers and checks and balances? – Powers divided among executive, legislative and judicial branches. Each branch given powers to check (restrain) the other branches of government.

Main Idea Name a power given to the central government under the Articles of Confederation.

Main Idea Name a power given to the central government under the Articles of Confederation. – Power to declare war – Deal with national financial issues such as debts – Settle disputes among States

Main Idea Name an obligation of the States to the central government under the Articles of Confederation.

Main Idea Name an obligation of the States to the central government under the Articles of Confederation. – States promised to obey Congress. – States promised to obey each other’s laws. – States promised to fund Congress. – Most other powers remained with the States.

Main Idea Name three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Main Idea Name three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. – One vote, one state. – Congress could not collect taxes. – Congress powerless to regulate trade. – No executive to enforce acts of Congress. – No national court system. – Amendments were difficult. – 9/13 majority required to pass laws.

Main Idea Name one characteristic of the Virginia Plan suggested for the Constitution.

Main Idea Name one characteristic of the Virginia Plan suggested for the Constitution. – Three branches of government – Bicameral legislature – “National Executive” and “National Judiciary”

Main Idea Name one characteristic of the New Jersey Plan suggested for the Constitution.

Main Idea Name one characteristic of the New Jersey Plan suggested for the Constitution. – Unicameral Congress – Equal representation for States of different sizes – More than one federal executive

Main Idea What were the three compromises made to the Constitution?

Main Idea What were the three compromises made to the Constitution? – Connecticut Compromise – Three-Fifths Compromise – Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

Main Idea What was the Connecticut Compromise made to the Constitution?

Main Idea What was the Connecticut Compromise made to the Constitution? – Delegates agreed on a bicameral Congress, one segment with equal representation for States, and the other with representation proportionate to the States’ populations.

Main Idea What was the Three-Fifths Compromise made to the Constitution?

Main Idea What was the Three-Fifths Compromise made to the Constitution? – The Framers decided to count a slave as three- fifths of a person when determining the population of a State.

Main Idea What was the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise?

Main Idea What was the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise? – Congress was forbidden from taxing exported goods, and was not allowed to act on the slave trade for 20 years.

Main Idea Name two of John Locke’s ideas that influenced the Constitution.

Main Idea Name two of John Locke’s ideas that influenced the Constitution. Equality Limited government Consent of the governed Purpose of government Natural rights Right to revolt

Main Idea Who were the Federalists? Who were the anti-Federalists?

Main Idea Who were the Federalists? Who were the anti-Federalists? – Federalists thought that the Articles of Confederation were weak, and argued for the ratification of the Constitution. – Anti-federalists objected to the Constitution for many reasons, including the strong central government and the lack of a bill of rights.

Main Idea How many states ratified the Constitution to make it binding on the United States?

Main Idea How many states ratified the Constitution to make it binding on the United States? – Nine.

Main Idea What is a quorum?

Main Idea What is a quorum? – A quorum is a majority of members present of an legislative body. For example, if the legislature has 100 members, a quorum would be 51.