Reminders/Updates Mid-Term Grades will be turned in by Thursday morning. I will not accept take home tests after Wednesday 12 midnight. Two tests will be averaged. Be watchful of your absences! I will drop you automatically. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Next Three Chapters: Chapter 7: Political Parties Chapter 8: Public Opinion, Participation & Voting Chapter 9: Campaigns and Elections Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Prentice Hall PoliticalScienceInteractive Magleby et al. Government by the People Chapter 7 Political Parties: Essential to Democracy Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Party Functions Political Party An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so that its positions and philosophy become public policy Organize the Competition Unify the Electorate Help Organize Government Translate Preferences into Policy Provide Loyal Opposition Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Defined: Political Party An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so that its positions and philosophy become public policy Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Party Functions Organize: goal is to win election and win control of government Nominate Candidate Register/Activate Voters Train Candidates Raise $ For Candidates In Big Elections: Hire a Campaign Consultant Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Parties Unify Electorate Electorate (are the voters) Unify electorate in primaries Example: Hillary Clinton v. Obama Unify electorate in general election Example: Get everyone who voted for Hillary Clinton to vote for Obama. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Parties Help Organize Government Congress: political party with most votes in each house will: 1. elect officers (party leaders) 2. select chairpersons for committees 3. party has a majority of members in all standing committees. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

The Party That Controls White House… Selects officials such as: cabinet members federal judges justices of supreme court This creates the Spoils System: Loyalty to your party at whatever cost! Civil Service System Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Party: Policy and Opposition Party will translate preferences into policy once their candidate/s have won. If the party loses, it provides for loyal opposition. How? Honeymoon (1st 100 days for newly elected pres.) policies are constantly challenged. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

The Nomination of Candidates Closed Primary System Only registered members of the party are allowed to vote in the primary Party Convention A meeting of party delegates to vote on matters of policy and in some cases to select party candidates for public office Open Primary System Voters are allowed to participate in the primary election without declaring membership in a party. In Texas: March Last year many Republicans voted for Hillary Clinton Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Texas: 2008 Primary Two Ballots (Dem. or Rep.) Polls closed at 7:00 p.m. and you could vote again when you attended the caucus at your precinct Precinct chair and secretary were chosen by majority Group divided into two; each group selected % of people to attend county convention. (formula) 30 days later (County Convention held at TAMIU); at this convention you voted for delegates to attend the state convention in Austin State Convention (select delegates to go to national conv.) National Convention (delegates vote for the official nominee to run against opposing party) for president… Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

$$$$$$$: War Chest Soft Money Political Parties would raise unlimited amounts Who gave? Individuals, labor unions, corp., etc.. 2003-2004 (BCRA by McCain & Fiengold /Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act) made soft money illegal at the federal level. Hard Money Under BCRA: contributions for individuals went up from 1,000 to 2,000. The maximum in an election cycle to a candidate or party by an individual up from 50,000 to 95,000. Unlimited (out of pocket) (Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. Federal Elections Commission) Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

2008 Contributions Obama 744 million Individual (656,357,601) PACs Party McCain 346 million Individual (199,404,373) PACs Party Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

The Nomination of Candidates (a) The executive Committee of the Republican National Convention in Chicago in 1880 (b) Al Gore Celebrates after winning the nation’s first Democratic primary in New Hampshire (c) Parties also seek to attract voters through registration drives (d) George W. Bush campaigning on his way to the Republican National Convention Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Party Systems Two party Winner-takes-all system Multiparty “Wasted vote” syndrome discourages minor parties Government tends toward stability Policy change is incremental Multiparty Coalition government is necessary Minor parties have an incentive to persevere Proportional representation Governments tend toward instability Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Minor Parties: Persistence and Frustration Ideological Parties Protest Parties Single-Issue Parties Splinter Parties Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Minor Parties: Persistence and Frustration Libertarian Party: 34 million raised 2008 election Green Party Reform Party Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Brief History of Political Parties Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Political parties first emerged when followers of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed over major issues on the Constitution and government. Jefferson’s group took the name Democratic-Republicans. Due to experience with Britain, they feared a powerful central government. They wanted the states to hold greater power. Hamilton championed a strong national government with a powerful chief executive. His followers called themselves Federalists, after those who supported the Constitution.

Realignment Elections Turning points that define the agenda of politics There is intense voter involvement There is a unique disruption of the traditional voting patterns There is a formation of a new and durable electoral grouping/s Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Andrew Jackson was the first Democrat elected President! Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the US was a war hero who as a general defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. He was the first presidential candidate to run as a Democrat. History knows him as the first President to frequently veto laws passed in Congress. Jackson was responsible for enfranchising all white males (giving them the right to vote), large Indian removal projects and the distribution of land to white southern farmers. Jackson’s Democrats were also considered the party in favor of slavery and as a result typically won elections in southern states.

Examples of Realignment Grand Old Party (GOP) Republican Party: Abraham Lincoln (Republican) elected president 1860 1860 Republicans: industrialists, financiers, merchants, anti-slavery, northerners.. 1860 Democrats: white male southerners (landowners)/pro-slavery By 1932: Republicans (Hoover) did not bring big govt. to bail people out of debt so those that usually voted for Republicans changed over to democrats (FDR) Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

South: Solid South (Democrat) In the 1930’s poor white southerners began to vote for democrats (financial assistance from fed. govt.) South: Solid South (Democrat) South today: Solid South (Republican)/ (As Dems. became more supportive of civil rights movement, whites left Dem. Party to join Rep.Party. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

History of American Political Parties Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Realigning Elections Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs (1824) Abraham Lincoln (1860): Post-Civil War Republican Dominance Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

The New Deal Democratic Party (1932) Realigning Elections The New Deal Democratic Party (1932) Roosevelt’s optimism and “can do” attitude in the face of the Great Depression helped cement the New Deal Democratic coalition that won him the presidency Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

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Twentieth-Century Third-Party Presidential Votes Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Divided Government Since 1953, divided government, with one party controlling Congress and the other the White House, has been in effect twice as long as one-party control of both the legislative and executive branches Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

The 2000, 2002, 2004,2006 Elections: Into the New Century 50-50 partisan tie in the Senate, slim Republican majority in House and contested presidential vote count 2002 President’s party gained seats in the House and Senate 2004 Bush reelected and his party picked up seats in Senate and House 2006 Democrats win majority in both House and Senate 2009 Democrats hold majority in House, Senate & President Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Let us revisit the power of committees… scsoal.pdf Committee on Appropriations.doc Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Parties as Institutions National party leadership (meets every 4 yrs.) Party platforms Parties at the state and local levels Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

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Parties In Government In the executive branch In the legislative branch In the judicial branch At the state and local levels Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Parties in the Electorate Party Activists Party Regulars Candidate Activists Issue Activists Party Registration The act of declaring party affiliation; required by some states when registering to vote Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

BOTAS AND GUARACHES.docx patronformat this article to print.docx FS_08_primary_summary.pdf Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Party Identification Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Partisan Realignment and Dealignment Party Identification in the Electorate Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Are the Parties Dying? Critique of the American party system Parties do not take meaningful and contrasting positions on most issues Party membership is essentially meaningless Parties are so concerned with accommodating the middle of the ideological spectrum that they are incapable as serving as an avenue for social progress Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Winning wins over principle Are the Parties Dying? Winning wins over principle Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Campaign Finance Reform and Political Parties The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was passed and signed into law by President George W. Bush in February, 2002 Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., Sen. Russ Feingold, D-Wisc., and Rep. Christopher Shays (R-Conn.) Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Following The Party Line A one-party system cannot exist in a democracy. There is no choice of candidates in the elections. Opposition parties are usually banned. Communist China, Cuba, and North Korea operate under one-party systems. One-party systems may be based on other ideologies such as religion. Iran's Islamic Republican Party has established a Muslim state. This type of religion-based government is called a theocracy. Communist Party Congress, China In a one-party system, the government and party are synonymous.

Currently…Salaries (Justices & Congress) Why the Pens? The table below shows the current Justices of the Supreme Court.doc News.docx WASHINGTON.doc Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Video Clip (Christian Coalition) Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall