Volcanoes Chapter 8 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes Chapter 8 Section 2

Class Outcomes Describe a volcano Name and describe the 4 types of volcanoes Differentiate between Pahoehoe and Aa lava

Volcano Area where magma and gases are released to the Earth’s surface. Area where magma becomes lava Magma = under surface Lava= above surface Have circular shaped openings called craters Release Tephra, or solid lava, that enters the air during an eruption.

Subduction Zone Volcanoes Oceanic plate dives under and melts. The newly formed magma rises to the surface and creates a volcano.

4 types of volcanoes Shield Volcanoes Cinder Cone Volcanoes Composite Volcanoes Fissure Eruptions

Shield Volcanoes Made from basaltic lava Gradually sloping sides Thin and easy flowing “pahoehoe” Gradually sloping sides Broad/ largest volcanoes on earth Hawaiian Islands/Iceland

Mauna Loa

Cinder Cone Volcanoes Short in height (less than 300m) Made of tephra Violent eruptions from gas buildup Lava and gas shoot high in the air and cool to form volcano Short eruption time

Composite Volcanoes Steep sided mountain Composed of alternating layers of basaltic lava and tephra Explosive eruptions followed by lava flows Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Ranier, Mt. Shasta

Composite = pyroclastic flows Hot gases and ashes released at the beginning of a composite eruption 2000 degrees Fahrenheit Up to 450 miles/hour Deadliest event of a composite eruption Pyroclastic Flow

Composite = “Lahars” Mud Flows caused by the super heating of glaciers on the top of these high mountains. Water + Ash = Lahar 2nd deadliest aspect of these giants.

Mt. Shasta, California

Fissure Eruptions Basaltic lava flows from cracks in the earth’s crust Thin and flows easily Form flat landforms known as lava plateaus/flood basalts.

Volcano Tour on Google Earth

Fissure Eruption, Kilauea Volcano field, Hawaii

“Pahoehoe vs. Aa” Pahoehoe lava Aa lava Thin and flows easily Thick and chunky and doesn’t flow, but breaks apart as it moves.

? Aa

? Pahoehoe

What kind of volcano would be the best to have in your backyard? Extinct Have no magma chamber or source. Active Have regular, predictable eruptions that never gain strength. Dormant Have irregular, unpredictable eruptions and can be very catastrophic in strength.

Enjoy the Show Mountains of Fire