Data vs. Information OUTPUTOUTPUT Information Data PROCESSPROCESS INPUTINPUT There are 10 types of people in this world those who read binary and those who don’t

The representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means. Data - Is a representational system. Information is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, and communication, through the use of data. Information - Is a system of understanding.

 Arabic Numbers Vs. Roman Numerals  English Vs. Pig Latin  English Vs. Klingon Examples of Representational Systems

Binary Code as the computers’ Representational System Using either 0 or 1 (or on/off) as the basic unit of data in computers

Using Binary Code to represent letters A bit is a single “1” or “0”. A byte is a group of 8 “1’s” and “0’s”. One character of text is equal to 1 byte.

To convert text to binary it is encoded….. ….character encoding consists of a code that pairs a set of natural language characters with a set of something else, such as numbers, light pulses, electrical pulses or 1’s and 0’s, to facilitate the storage and transmission of data. Using Binary Code to Represent Letters cont’d Binary To Text Converter

Using Binary Code to represent numbers To Convert Decimal (Arabic) to Binary numbers use the following chart: Lets say for example you are given the following binary number, “ ” and are asked to convert that into a human readable or decimal number. To convert the binary number from “1011” to decimal we would enter the number into the chart

MICMIC Analog To Digital Digital To Analog SPKSPK Schematic for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. Analog continuous both in time and amplitude Digital Stored at points of time to reproduce analog sound Using Binary Code to represent sound

ON OFF Using Binary Code to represent sound cont’d

Memory Types RAM – Temporary or Volatile StorageRAM Cache A physical buffer, smaller and faster than main storage, used to hold a copy of next likely instructions and data in main storage.Cache ROM – Permanent or Non-Volatile StorageROM PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory Programmable read only memory. A memory chip that can be programmed once, but cannot be reprogrammed.PROM FLASH – Portable USB StorageFLASH