100 Ch 4 Minerals Ch 5 Igneous Rocks Ch 6 Sedimentary & Metamorphic rocks Ch 21 Geologic Time Ch 9 Streams

1.Naturally occurring 2.Inorganic 3.Solids with specific compositions 4. Definite crystalline structures Column 1, 100

What are characteristics of minerals Column 1, 100

A diamond mineral has a mass of 75g and a volume of 25 cm 3. Calculate the density of the diamond. Column 1, 200

Density= Mass/Volume = 3.0 g/cm 3. Be sure you can calculate the mass when given the density. Mass= Density x Volume Column 1, 100

1.Crystal form 2.Luster 3.Hardness 4.Cleavage and fracture 5.Streak 6.Color Column 1, 300

What tests used to identify minerals Column 1, 300

1.Oxygen, O 2.Silicon, Si 3.Aluminum, Al 4.Iron, Fe 5.Calcium, Ca 6.Sulfur, S 7.Potassium, K 8.Magnesium, Mg Column 1, 400

What are the rock forming minerals or the most abundant minerals found in Earth’s crust Column 1, 300

A mineral that contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit Column1, 500

What is an ore? Column 1, 300

1.Temperature 2. Pressure 3.Water Content 4.Mineral Content Column 2, 100

What are the 4 main factors involved in MAGMA formation Column 1, 300

Both ___________, measured in °C, and _______, measured in MPa, increase with depth. Column 2, 200

What is temperature and pressure. Column 1, 300

This Canadian geologist demonstrated that as magma cools and crystallizes, minerals form in predictable patterns. Column 2, 300

Who is N.L. Bowen? (Process is now known as the Bowen’s Reaction series.) Column 1, 300

1.Mineral composition 2.Crystal size 3.Texture Column 2, 400

What are 3 ways to classify igneous rocks? Column 1, 300

When ________ cools rapidly, there is not enough time for large crystals to form resulting in _______ rocks. Column 2, 500

What is magma, and extrusive rocks ** What are intrusive rocks???*** Column 1, 300

Lithification begins with ________, (see figure 6.4, page 137). Column 3, 100

What is compaction? *** What is cementation? Pg 137** Column 1, 300

_______ is the primary feature of sedimentary rocks. Two types are _____ and ________. Column 3, 200

What is bedding. Two types are : Graded- particles heavy on bottom Cross- inclined layers of sediment deposited across a horizontal surface Column 1, 300

Column 3, 300 The most common sedimentary rocks are ______. These rocks may be _____, ________, or _____ grained.

What are clastic rocks? Coarse, medium and fine grained? Be sure you know the differences between the 3 grain types Column 1, 300

Metamorphic rocks form when preexisting rocks are exposed to increases in temperature and pressure and to hydrothermal solutions. Name and describe the 3 types of metamorphism. YOU MUST HAVE ALL 3! Column 3, 400

Regional metamorphism: high temp and pressure affect large regions of Earth’s crust Contact metamorphism: when molten material such as that in an igneous intrusion comes in contact with solid rock. Hydrothermal metamorphism: when very HOT water reacts with rock and alters its chemical and mineral composition Column 1, 300

This rock type may be in your bathroom or home. It results from the metamorphism of this rock type. Column 3, 500

Marble; what is limestone? Column 1, 300

List the units of geologic time from longest to shortest. Column 4, 100

Eons, eras, periods, epochs Column 1, 300

Scientists date rocks using these 2 methods. Column 4, 200

What are relative age dating and absolute age dating? Be sure you know how each method is used. Column 4, 200

Sometimes, the record of a past event or time period are missing. These erosion gaps result in: Column 4, 300

What are unconformities? Pg 598 Column 4, 300

Fossils with ______ ______ have been altered very little, such as Fig 21.21, pg 607. These are different from _____ fossils, which leave indirect evidence only. Column 4, 300

What is original preservation and trace fossils? Column 5, 100

In this era, mass extinction resulted in 90% of marine animals becoming extinct. Column 4, 300

What is the Paleozoic era? ** What is significant about the Phanerozoic eon, pg. 592 (There may be a daily double!!!) Column 5, 200

Rivers that flow into other streams are called:_______ Examples include the Ohio and Miss rivers. Column 4, 300

What are tributaries Column 5, 300

Calculate the discharge of a stream with an average width of 4m, and average depth of 2.5m, and average velocity of 2 m/s. Column 4, 300

Discharge= average width x average depth x average velocity 4m x 2.5 m x 2 m/s = 20 m 3 /s Daily double! Calculate the velocity if the discharge of this stream = m 3 /s Column 5, 400

During this process, a stream actively resumes the process of downcutting toward its base level. Column 4, 300

What is rejuvenation READ pg 237! Column 5, 500

According to page 238, most lakes in North America are formed in this way. Column 4, 300

What is by glaciers that carve depressions in the Earth Column 4, 300

T or F? Wetlands result from the process by which the surrounding watershed enriches bodies of water with nutrients, a process called:_______ Column 4, 300

Eutrophication, True Column 4, 300