“Newly Industrializing”

High Poverty, Low GNP, Trade Dependency, Weak Infrastructure

Rapid economic and political change Stable, democratic institutions Growing economy Civil society

Larger category Some change Economic difficulty Political instability Authoritarian reaction

 Democratization = developing a political system in which people exercise power directly or indirectly  Political Liberalization = developing civil society from procedural democracy to substantive democracy  Hybrid Regime = mix of democracy and authoritarian  Failed State = collapse of government structures so that anarchy and violence breaks out  Primary Sector = agriculture; raw materials  Secondary Sector = industry; manufactured goods  Tertiary Sector = services; innovation and support

Westernization Model  Copy the industrialized countries  British colonialism  Don’t hold onto old values  Leave traditional beliefs Dependency Theory  Growth blocked by imperialists  Industrialized exploitation  Call for independence  Experiment with socialism

Import Substitution  Create conditions for local industries  Restrict importation  Forced to buy locally Export Industrialization  Integrate globally  Concentrate on marketable items  “product life cycle”

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