Leadership Development EDUC 741 Michael Dartt Glenda Hyer Karen Nelson Brian Wardyga

“If we are wise, let us prepare for the worst.” George Washington “If we are wise, let us prepare for the worst.”

Martin Luther King “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self- evident: that all men are created equal.’” SConstitution.net Bibliography http://www.usconstitution.net/dream.html

Mary Kay Ashe “God didn't have time to make a nobody, only a somebody. I believe that each of us has God-given talents within us waiting to be brought to fruition.”

Dr. Schneider “If we are driven by an absolute higher standard it will totally transform how we lead.”

…I don’t know either

What do these five people have in common? They are all leaders How do we develop into effective leaders?

Leadership Development “ Leaders are developed through learning, experience, and mentoring” (Hackman & Johnson, 2004, p. 344).

Three Components of Leadership Development Leadership Learning Leadership Experience Developmental Relationships

Leadership Learning

“Leadership and learning are indispensable to one another.” Leadership Learning One way of becoming more knowledgeable in the area of leadership is to keep current with leadership research. “Leadership and learning are indispensable to one another.” - John F. Kennedy

Leadership Learning Formal Training Programs: 1. Individual Preparation Programs 2. Socializing Company Vision and Values 3. Strategic Leadership Initiatives

Leadership Experience

Leadership Experience Practice communication skills Volunteer to coordinate an activity Teach a skill to a group Practicums and internships Get out of your comfort zone

Five Broad Types of Developmental Job Opportunities Job transitions - alters routine Creating change - find new ways to find ambiguous circumstances High level of responsibility Non-authority relationships - problem solving, negotiation, and conflict resolution Obstacles - learning leadership through tough situations (Ohlott, 1998)

Hardship (Hackman & Johnson, 2004, p. 347). “Hardship differs from the other developmental opportunities because people encounter them with little or no warning” (Hackman & Johnson, 2004, p. 347).

Five Types of Hardships and the Lessons They Teach Lessons Learned Business mistakes and failures Career setbacks Personal trauma Problem employees Downsizing How to handle mistakes What you really want to do Sensitivity to others How to stand firm Recognition of what is important

Questions to Ask What caused the failure? Was this truly a failure, or did I just fall short? What success are contained in the failure? What can I learn from what happened? Am I grateful for the experience? How can I turn this into a success? Who can help me with this issue? Where do I go from here?

Developmental Relationships

Developmental Relationships Mentor: a character in Homer’s Odyssey who served as counselor & guide to the king’s son. Mentors develop leaders out of protégés in two ways: Career Functions Psychosocial Functions

Developmental Relationships Career Functions Psychosocial Functions Sponsorship Coaching Protection Challenging Assignments Role Modeling Acceptance- Confirmation Counseling Friendship _________________________________________________ From Leadership: A Communication Perspective (2004) by Hackman & Johnson

Searching for a Mentor Indentify what (not who) you need Evaluate yourself as a prospective protégé Identify mentor candidates Prepare for the obstacles Approach possible mentors _______________________________________________ From Mentors and Proteges (1982) by Linda Phillips-Jones

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Be Proactive Begin with the End in Mind Put First Things First Think Win/Win Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood Synergize Sharpen the Saw

What is a habit?

Habit 1: Be Proactive Choice We are responsible for our own lives. Responsibility = “Response Ability” Choice Imagination Conscience Self Awareness Independent Will Stimulus Response

Habit 1: Be Proactive Reactive Proactive

Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind All things are created twice Mental Creation Physical Creation The Wake “True North" Principles Principle Centeredness Personal Vision/Mission Statement

Habit 3: Put First Things First

Habit 3: Put First Things First

Habit 4: Think Win/Win Lose/Lose Lose/Win Win/Lose Win Win/Win Win/Win or No Deal

Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood Levels of Listening AB Responses ignoring pretending selective listening attentive listening empathic listening We evaluate We probe We interpret We advise

Habit 6: Synergize The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. 1 + 1 = 3 or more. Requires all other habits (high independence). Examples: Building a skyscraper Winning a championship

Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw

Characteristics of Admired Leaders

Characteristics of Admired Leaders Kouzes and Posner have conducted research studies and surveys over the past 25 years regarding what values, personal traits, or characteristics people typically look for in their leaders. The results have been very consistent. What characteristics do you look for in a leader?

Top Ranked Characteristics Honest Forward-looking Inspiring Competent These four characteristics have received over 60% of the votes on character tests over the past 25 years (with the exception of Inspiring in 1987) across different countries.

The Leadership Challenge

The Leadership Challenge As noted by Kouzes & Posner (2007), “Because leadership is a reciprocal process between leaders and their constituents, any discussion of leadership must attend to the dynamics of this relationship” (p. 28).

The Leadership Challenge These authors have developed various leadership surveys which leaders can utilize to receive feedback from superiors, peers, and subordinates in order to improve their relationship and collaborative skills in order to inspire others to work toward a shared vision.

Kevin Cashman’s Leadership from the Inside Out Kevin Cashman (1998) believes that there is too much of a focus on the “external” acts of leadership. He proposes that the most important aspect of leadership comes from an expression of who we are as people, which forms the basis for seven pathways to develop self-leadership skills.

The Seven Pathways to Develop Effective Self-Leadership Skills 1. Personal Mastery - Learning what is important to you will impact how you lead; 2. Purpose Mastery - Discover what you are good at and enjoy doing and use your gifts and talents for the benefit of others; 3. Change Mastery - Be adaptable and open to change, taking advantage of opportunities, seeing a new reality, increasing the possibilities;

The Seven Pathways (Continued) 4. Interpersonal Mastery - Develop interpersonal skills and seek feedback; 5. Being Mastery – Exploring one’s being; self-reflection; 6. Balance Mastery – Taking time for self, family, and friends; Working to be understanding of this critical need; 7. Action Mastery – Leading as a whole person; being authentic; being yourself.

The Seven Pathways to Mastery “These pathways are not stages of development . . . Rather they are viewed holistically as integrated pieces of a collective framework” (Hackman and Johnson, 2004, p. 362).

The Process of Taking Charge John Gabarro (1987) uses the term “taking charge” to describe how managers in new positions become leaders. “New managers rely heavily on legitimate power, which is based on organizational position” (Hackman and Johnson, 2004, p. 363). Gabarro identified three types of work processes: cognitive, organizational, and interpersonal.

The Process of Taking Charge The Five Stages – The First Year Taking hold Immersion Reshaping Consolidation Refinement

The Leadership Truth

Leadership Development for Educators Teacher education programs, mentor teachers, and educators can develop the leadership skills of other educators in three ways by teaching the importance of: Content (What is said ) Communication (How something is said) Conduct (How a person lives) Anger assassinates relationship!!! (p. 74) (Schultz, 2002)

Leadership Example http://youtube.com/watch?v=-vB59PkB0eQ For leadership development to succeed, regardless of an individual’s age, educational level, or life/cultural experiences, it must grounded in one essential truth.

Leadership Truth “Do not let the book of the law depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful.” (Joshua 1:8, NIV)

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Educate children on the importance of prayer (James 5:16) Albrecht Durer

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Teach students how to hold their tongue (Proverbs 17: 27-28) ImageShop by Corbis Royalty

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Promote an attitude of self-worth (Psalm 8:5) Hahlbohm

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Teach children how to manage conflict (Proverbs 15:1) Pixland Stock Images

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Educate on the importance of honesty (Proverbs 16:13) Wikipedia.com

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Teach children the importance of admitting mistakes (Proverbs 11:2) Brand X Pictures

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Instill an attitude of hard work (Proverbs 19:15) Banana Stock

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Teach students how to use their time wisely (James 4:14) www.harrycutting.com

Biblical Principles for Leadership Development in Children Remember, if you can teach children to obey God’s Word, then they will be successful and prosper. Encarta

References Cashman, K. (1998). Leadership from the inside out. Provo, UT: Executive Excellence Publishing. Covey, S. R. (1989). The seven habits of highly effective people. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. Gabarro, J. J. (1987). The dynamics of taking charge. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press. Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2004). Leadership: A communication perspective (4th ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2007). The leadership challenge (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Ohlott, P. J. (1998). Job assignments. In C. D. McCauley, R. S. Moxley, & E. Van Velsor (Eds.), The center for creative leadership handbook of leadership development (pp. 127-159). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Phillips-Jones, L. (1983). Mentors and proteges. New York, New York: Arbor House. Schultz, G. (2002). Kingdom education: God’s plan for educating future generation (2nd ed.). Nashville, TN: LifeWay Press.

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