The Vietnam Conflict Today, I will learn …Today, I will learn … About the expansion of U.S. military involvement in Vietnam under President Johnson from 1965 and 1968.About the expansion of U.S. military involvement in Vietnam under President Johnson from 1965 and I will learn it by …I will learn it by … Cornell Notes Strategies, intentional listening, asking appropriate questions.Cornell Notes Strategies, intentional listening, asking appropriate questions. I have learned it when I can …I have learned it when I can … Develop a flowchart that illustrates reasons and outcomes of the Vietnam War.Develop a flowchart that illustrates reasons and outcomes of the Vietnam War.

Essential Question What were the major issues and events of the Vietnam War such as the escalation of forces and the Tet Offensive? (TEKS US.8E)What were the major issues and events of the Vietnam War such as the escalation of forces and the Tet Offensive? (TEKS US.8E)

The Vietnam Conflict Original Text by Lindy Carpenter, Class of ’04 Updated by Mr. Hataway March 18, 2006 Revised by Mr. Hataway March 20, 2012

French Indochina Following the Geneva Accords ending the First Indochina War in 1954, French Indochina was divided into the nations of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.Following the Geneva Accords ending the First Indochina War in 1954, French Indochina was divided into the nations of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Vietnam was temporarily partitioned at 17th parallel.Vietnam was temporarily partitioned at 17th parallel. North Vietnam – CommunistsNorth Vietnam – Communists South Vietnam – “Democracy”South Vietnam – “Democracy”

Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese revolutionary and president of North Vietnam, once worked on a French steamship, which brought him to the United States where he visited Boston, New York, and other American cities.

FIGHTING IN VIETNAM ( )

John F. Kennedy had considered withdrawal.John F. Kennedy had considered withdrawal. Lyndon B. Johnson vowed “I am not going to lose Vietnam.”Lyndon B. Johnson vowed “I am not going to lose Vietnam.” Commitment to Containment

Johnson’s War August 2, 1964, LBJ’s announced N.V. torpedo boats fired on two US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.August 2, 1964, LBJ’s announced N.V. torpedo boats fired on two US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.

Johnson’s War Asked Congress for “power to protect American interests.”Asked Congress for “power to protect American interests.”

Johnson’s War Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionGulf of Tonkin Resolution Gave President Johnson authorization, without formal declaration by Congress, to use conventional military force in Southeast Asia.Gave President Johnson authorization, without formal declaration by Congress, to use conventional military force in Southeast Asia. Deepen American involvement in Vietnam.Deepen American involvement in Vietnam.

Johnson’s War Ground WarGround War Viet Cong used guerrilla warfare tactics – s neak attacks, sabotage, underground tunnels and booby trapsViet Cong used guerrilla warfare tactics – s neak attacks, sabotage, underground tunnels and booby traps

Johnson’s War Air WarAir War B-52 bombers smashed roads and bridgesB-52 bombers smashed roads and bridges Saturation bombingSaturation bombing F-4 Fantom if I’m not mistaken F-4 Fantom if I’m not mistaken

“We moved through the boiling heat with 60 pounds of weapons and gear, causing a typical Marine to drop 20 percent of his body weight while in the bush. When we stopped we dug chest-deep fighting holes and slit trenches for toilets. We slept on the ground under makeshift poncho [tents].... Sleep itself was fitful, never more than an hour or two at a stretch for months at a time as we mixed daytime patrolling with night- time ambushes, listening posts, foxhole duty, and radio watches. Ringworm, hookworm, malaria, and dysentery were common, as was trench foot when the monsoons came.” James Webb, MarineJames Webb, Marine

Ho Chi Minh Trail North Vietnamese troops and supplies poured into the south using Ho Chi Minh Trail – a supply route through Laos and Cambodia.North Vietnamese troops and supplies poured into the south using Ho Chi Minh Trail – a supply route through Laos and Cambodia.

Escalation of the War Escalation refers to increase of U.S. forces by Johnson Administration.Escalation refers to increase of U.S. forces by Johnson Administration. Following attack by Viet Cong, General Westmoreland requested more soldiers.Following attack by Viet Cong, General Westmoreland requested more soldiers. Jan. 1965, 25,000 American soldiers in Vietnam.Jan. 1965, 25,000 American soldiers in Vietnam. Dec. 1965, increased to 184,000.Dec. 1965, increased to 184,000.

Escalation of the War “Over this war – and all Asia – is another reality: the deepening shadow of Communist China. The rulers in Hanoi are urged on by Peking (Beijing). This is a regime which has destroyed freedom in Tibet, which has attacked India and has been condemned by the United Nations for aggression in Korea. It is a nation which is helping the forces of violence in almost every continent. The contest in Vietnam is part of a wider pattern of aggressive purposes.”  President Lyndon B. Johnson, Address to Johns Hopkins University, April 7, 1965 What American foreign policy theory was President Johnson describing?

Jimmie Lee Hataway July Jim enlisted in the Navy.July Jim enlisted in the Navy. Signed to be a Seabee after completing basic trainingSigned to be a Seabee after completing basic training Dec for next 14 weeks went to electrician class in Port Hueneme (sounds like Yneme)Dec for next 14 weeks went to electrician class in Port Hueneme (sounds like Yneme) Completed training March th out of 20.Completed training March th out of 20.

Jim Hataway Da Nang, VietnamDa Nang, Vietnam Deployed May 1965Deployed May 1965 MCB 6 made a 314 foot pier despite fighting going on all around. Completed by June MCB 6 made a 314 foot pier despite fighting going on all around. Completed by June They built tinned huts to house 12,000 Marines who had been sleeping on the ground and in leaky tents.They built tinned huts to house 12,000 Marines who had been sleeping on the ground and in leaky tents. They built galleys to feed 5,000 Marines 3 hot meals a day.They built galleys to feed 5,000 Marines 3 hot meals a day. October 1966 transferred by helicopter Japan for surgeryOctober 1966 transferred by helicopter Japan for surgery

The SeaBees built these tinned huts for the Marines in Da Nang.

Escalation of the War Operation Rolling Thunder”“Operation Rolling Thunder” LBJ’s escalation of war in 1966.LBJ’s escalation of war in A sustained bombing of N. Vietnam.A sustained bombing of N. Vietnam. 1965, 1,200 Americans died; in 1967 when the Ground War opened 9,400 Americans died.1965, 1,200 Americans died; in 1967 when the Ground War opened 9,400 Americans died.

Escalation of the War “Search and Destroy” missions failed when civilians became the enemy.“Search and Destroy” missions failed when civilians became the enemy.

Escalation of the War Dropping of napalm on Vietcong hiding places.Dropping of napalm on Vietcong hiding places.

Escalation of the War Agent Orange used to strip leaves from trees and shrubs – farmland and forests turned into wastelands.Agent Orange used to strip leaves from trees and shrubs – farmland and forests turned into wastelands.

Jan. 30, 1968:Jan. 30, 1968: Tet – Vietnamese New Years, annual truceTet – Vietnamese New Years, annual truce Full scale offensive by regular, North Vietnamese Army and irregular forces against targets in South Vietnam.Full scale offensive by regular, North Vietnamese Army and irregular forces against targets in South Vietnam. Towns and military basesTowns and military bases American embassy and presidential palaceAmerican embassy and presidential palace Intent was to create a general uprising to overthrow the Saigon government.Intent was to create a general uprising to overthrow the Saigon government. Troop strength increased to 550,000.Troop strength increased to 550,000. Tet Offensive

The Pattern of the Tet Attacks

Tet Offensive Americans eventually pushed Viet Cong and North Vietnamese outAmericans eventually pushed Viet Cong and North Vietnamese out Americans lost only 1,600 compared to 40,000 North Vietnamese.Americans lost only 1,600 compared to 40,000 North Vietnamese. Marked major turning point of war.Marked major turning point of war. Public Opinion turned against the warPublic Opinion turned against the war