Unit One: Purposes and Types of Government An Introduction to Government

Table of Contents Part One: Purposes of government Part two: Systems of Government Part Three: Types of Government Part Four: Principles of Democracy

Unit Terms Part One: Anarchy; Government; Law Part Two: Unitary System; Confederate System; Federal System; Part Three: Authoritarian; Absolute Monarchy; Autocracy; Oligarchy ; Totalitarian; Constitutional Monarchy; Democracy; Direct Democracy; Representative Democracy; Nation State; Parliamentary Government; Prime Minister Part Four: Federalism; Unlimited Government; Equal Protection; Individual Rights; Limited Government; Majority Rule; Popular Sovereignty; rule of Law

Government is our ‘BOSS!’ Part One: Functions of Government

Part One: Functions Government is our BOSS! B: Budget (Make economic decisions) O: Order (Maintain Social Order) S: Security (Provide National Security) S: Services (Provide Public Services)

Part One: Functions B: Budget (Make economic decisions) Government makes choices about how to give out benefits and services among citizens May get involved in other nations’ economies as well Examples: Taxes; imports/exports; which countries to trade with; Creating a national budget

Budget (Making Economic Decisions) How would a war effect the budget? Would taxes likely increase/decrease and why? Why would a government decide to raise taxes during a Depression? Why would they decide to lower taxes during a depression?

Part One: Functions O: Order (Maintaining Social Order) Government provides ways of solving conflict among citizens; Places limits on what people can do Examples: Making/enforcing laws; police services; Prisons/Jails/Detention Centers

Order (Maintain Social Order) Would society be better off without laws/government (Anarchy) or with a government with complete control (Dictatorship)? Should consequences be harsh or should they be eased with the intent of rehabilitation?

Part One: Functions S: Security (Provide National Security) Government protects citizens from attacks by other nations Handles diplomacy with other nations Examples: CIA; FBI; Military; National Guard; NSA (National Security Agency)

Security (National Security) If a suspected terrorist is withholding important information, should he/she be given constitutional rights during interrogation?

Part One: Functions S: Services (Provide Public Services) Government provides essential services to make community life possible Provide things that individuals would not provide on their own Examples: Schools; Mail services; Libraries; etc…

Services (Public Services) Would you rather have great government services but higher taxes, or way fewer government services, but lower taxes, and why?

Systems of Government – A fight for power! U.F.C.! Part Two: Systems of Government

Three Systems of Government – U.F.C. Unitary Federal Confederate

Three Systems of Government – U.F.C. Unitary - a Principal has total power Federal – Principal has great power; but teachers do as well; they must work together Confederate – Teachers have all power

Unitary Government A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government (Uni = one) Examples: United Kingdom; France; Afghanistan

Federal System A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Example: In the United States, great power is given to the National Government, but many powers are given to states as well.

Federal System A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Example: In the United States, great power is given to the National Government, but many powers are given to states as well Canada

Confederate System Powers are given to the individual states, not to a central government Examples: The South (Confederacy) during the Civil War; the Colonies during the Revolution and under the Articles of Confederation

Authoritarian vs. Democracy Part Three: Types of Government

Authoritarian: A government in which one leader or a small group of people holds absolute power. Requires great obedience to leader(s) Little or no influence in government Only one legal political party

Authoritarian: Leader often chosen through force Little or no freedoms No freedom: of speech; assembly; movement/travel; justice Strict censorship; harsh punishments

Types of Authoritarian Oligarchy – Rule by a small, elite Group Often based off family ties, wealth, Education, military power, etc… Autocracy – Rule by One Examples: Absolute Monarchy; Totalitarian Dictatorship

Types of Authoritarian Absolute Monarchy - A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete Political power. "I am the State!“ – Louis XIV

Types of Authoritarian Totalitarian Dictatorship – A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens. Controls nearly all aspects of the state (economic; political; social; culture) Control science, education, art, private lives, etc… Government is limitless Examples: NAZI Germany/Hitler; Italy during Mussolini’s reign; Soviet Union/Stalin; China/Mao Zedong; North Korea

A Great Leap Forward? Born as a farmer, rose to power and led China to becoming a great world power Promoted status of women; improved education, healthcare, housing, life expectancy Mao Zedong’s policy of transferring China from an agricultural based society to an industrial one Led to Great Chinese Famine – Between 15 million and 43 million deaths in a 3 year period (1958 to 1961)

Warmup Questions – Oligarchy; Autocracy; Totalitarian Dictatorship; Absolute Monarchy This is a king/queen who has complete power and usually inherits that power. This means ‘Rule by one’: This means ‘Rule by a small, elite group’: This is one person who takes power by force and has complete control of society (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini)

Objective SWBAT identify the 7 ‘filmers’ of democracy, as well as be able to explain the different democracy types. Review Authoritarian Types ‘Filmers’ of democracy Poem on ‘filmers’ of democracy (with Questions) Types of Democracies Homework (Due Wednesday): Presidential vs. Parliamentary democracies; Democratic Principles

Dates Unit Quiz: Friday, 9/12 Unit One Test: Thursday, 9/18 (the rest of the packet is due)

Filmers of democracy?

Democratic Principles Federalism: (Federal System): Power is divided between National and State governments (as well as local!) Review Question: What are the other two systems of government?

Democratic Principles Individual Rights and freedoms that are guaranteed

Democratic Principles Limited Government, including separation of powers and checks and balances Separation of Powers: Responsibilities of government are divided into three separate branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) Checks and balances: All three branches of government have powers to override the others; this limits the power of each branch

Democratic Principles Majority Rule with minority rights protected Majority Rule – The idea that what the majority of the people wish for will be granted

How are we doing so far?

Democratic Principles Equality of all persons under law

Democratic Principles RULE OF LAW, WITH THE RIGHT TO ALTER, ABOLISH, OR FORM A NEW GOVERNMENT Rule of law states that the law applies equally to all citizens, regardless of status

Democratic Principles Consent of the Governed/ Popular Sovereignty – The idea that power comes from the people (Sovereignty)

‘Filmers’ of Democracy?

Dates Unit Quiz: Friday, 9/12 Unit One Test: Thursday, 9/18 (the rest of the packet is due)

If it’s a democracy, then it’s either… Direct Democracy Representative Democracy All voters in a community meet in one place to make laws and decide what actions to take (Ancient Greece) People elect representatives to carry on the work of government for them (USA) If it’s direct democracy, then that’s that…but if it is representative, then…

If it’s Representative Parliamentary Government (England) Presidential Government (United States) The elected legislative body (Parliament) chooses an executive (Prime Minister) from its own members; -therefore both executive & legislative functions both reside in this elected assembly (Parliament) People elect an executive (President) to head the executive branch of government If it’s direct democracy, then that’s that…but if it is representative, then…

If it’s Representative Constitutional Monarchy A form of government in which the power of the monarch (King/queen) is limited by Parliament