Predictions Predict how the Empires in the Americas, Africa and Asia, built by Europeans rulers during the Age of Exploration, will affect Europe’s monarchs. Predict what they might do with their increased wealth? (What would you buy if you won the lottery?) What would you do with ABSOLUTE power? (What do you think the difference is between Monarchy & Absolute Monarchy?) What will move Kings and Queens from Monarchy to Absolute Monarchy?

The Age of Absolutism – 1550 - 1800 Absolute Monarchy “It’s Good to be the King” Where do leaders get their power from? Middle Ages Renaissance Age of Exploration Age of Absolutism

How are Absolute Monarchs Possible? Causes of the Age of Absolutism Long Term Causes – Decline of Feudalism (lords, and lesser nobility loss power) Rise of cities and the middle class (merchants) Growth of national kingdoms… large nations rather than small princedoms Analysis transition choppy

Why Absolute Monarchs? Immediate causes Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty The growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes in order to pay troops Armies give the monarchs more power but raising taxes causes more unrest… leading to revolts Age of Exploration and the increase of wealthy rulers the importation of gold, and other natural resources from the Americas, Africa and Asia makes the monarchs very wealthy and gives them a lot of power.

Warm up #1 – Key Terms for Unit 3 Vocabulary builder – find this in your packet Vocabulary word 1st definition 2nd definition – in your own words Absolute Free from imperfections; complete; perfect Divine Proceeding from God or a god Right What is good, proper or just Power The ability to do or act; the capacity to do something Government The form or system of rule by which a state, or community is run

Absolute Monarchies Absolutism a system of government in which a ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people Control Political, Social and Economic aspects of the country Based upon Divine Right – the idea that God had given the King

Central Understanding for this Unit The time period 1550 – 1800, known as the ‘Age of Absolutism,’ was one in which monarchs (Kings and Queens) of Europe Exercised Absolute (Total) control over all aspects of their states.” Political: Laws, punishments, foreign and domestic Policy, taxes, etc. Social: culture, religion, customs, etc. Economic: Trade, tariffs, taxes, national budgets, etc.

Which of the following statements do you agree with? And Why? A). A government leader should never have absolute authority. B). A government leader can exercise absolute authority if it will help advance a country’s economy. C). A governmental leader can exercise absolute authority when a country is under attack. D). A government leader can exercise absolute authority whenever it will advance a country’s interests.

How do Governments and Governmental leaders demonstrate Power?

Why do you think our capital building was designed to look like this?

What does a cities landscape show about the government?

How does the US government demonstrate power?

Spain and Absolute Rulers Holy Roman Emperor 1519 - 1556 1. Charles V inherits two crowns Rules the Hapsburg Empire Hapsburgs Family – ruling family that controlled many European Countries and Colonies Examples: Spain ----- New Spain, Philippines, Peru Netherlands ------New Netherlands, Spice Islands Southern Italy Abdicated his throne (feels overwhelmed, too many people and cultures to unite) Divides Empire in two - Spanish Hapsburgs and Austrian Hapsburgs Spain, Philip II = gets Spain, Netherlands and their colonies Austrian Hapsburgs = Austria, small Germanic States in Holy Roman Empire

Lands Controlled by Philip II of Spain In Yellow Catholic: Spain, France, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Italian States Protestant: England, Netherlands, Sweden, the Swiss Fed., Prussia Muslim: Ottoman Empire

Philip II of Spain 2. Philip II Goals – unite people under his total authority, grow Spain’s power and defend the Catholic faith *Conflicts associated with Reformation still occurring Catholic vs. Protestant States B. Methods to Achieve Goals (how Philip II becomes an Absolute Monarch) a). Increase authority over Spain's…. i. Politics ii. Society iii. Economy

Absolutism under Philip II How Philip II Absolutely controls the Politics of Spain Domestic Centralized all political authority and controlled all government affairs himself from his palace (El Escorial) Refused all advisors Anxious that others would attempt to take his power Decision making was Very slow Foreign Wars – to increase Spain’s power and enforce Catholicism Marriages - alliances with other nations (while wives are alive) Marries 4 times (England, Portugal, France and the Holy Roman Empire)

Absolutism under Philip II ii. Social a. Religion Enforces religious unity (everyone Catholic) Inquisition against his own subjects Strengthen Catholicism and possibly remove political opponents b. Impact on Art and Architecture Builds el Escorial , supports the arts

Absolutism under Philip II iii. Economic a. Imported millions of pounds of gold from Americas Spent a huge amount of money on various projects Art, literature, architecture Wars and the Inquisition Philip II spends huge amounts on these projects and despite gold coming from Americas goes through several bankruptcies (spends more than Spain makes)

Warm Up Question How might you describe this building? What assumptions would you make about the government that built this palace? Why are buildings a good visual display of Power? What other buildings are built to display power?

El Escorial The building was both a monastery and a Spanish royal palace Architect who worked on St. Peter’s basilica. Built as a monument to demonstrate Spain’s role as the center of the Christian world. The Façade / Architecture

El Escorial Library at El Escorial Philip II wanted to build one of the finest libraries in the world More than 40,000 books Mable floors, frescoes on ceilings

El Escorial Man made lake on the grounds

El Escorial The grounds

San Lorenzo el Real at El Escorial

Why are Visuals so powerful?

Visual Demonstrations of Power during the Age of Absolutism

Visual Demonstrations of Power

Absolutism in Art

How do Governments and Governmental leaders demonstrate Power?

What are some ways that our government limits the power that one person can have? What would happen if we didn’t have these limitations?

Video Escorial – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OUIKm8e7Y0

What are leaders responsible for? List jobs -