Philosophers The Scientific Revolution The English Civil War Government This and That
Which Enlightenment thinker believed that rulers should protect people’s rights to life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
Who promoted the ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances?
Baron de Montesquieu
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau state was needed for a government to be legitimate?
Government needs the consent of the people.
What thinker and writer supported King Charles I and stated that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government?
Thomas Hobbes
What proponent for religious freedom spoke out against the Catholic Church, saying they withheld knowledge in order to maintain power?
Voltaire
What scientist improved the telescope and worked to prove the theory of a heliocentric universe?
Galileo Galilei
Who developed the laws of motion, including gravity?
Newton
What scientist was the first to propose a heliocentric universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What ancient Egyptian astronomer proposed a geocentric universe?
Ptolemy
What organization condemned Galileo and Copernicus for their findings?
The Roman Catholic Church
What English monarch dismissed Parliament, taxed citizens without the consent of Parliament, and attempted to arrest members of Parliament?
King Charles I
Who led the New Model Army against the Royalists? He would later become the Lord Protector (military dictator) of England.
Oliver Cromwell
What term refers to the period of time when Charles II returned to England to become the king?
Restoration
What document did William and Mary sign in order to limit the power of the monarchy and protect the rights of the people?
The English Bill of Rights
Why was the transfer of power from James II to William and Mary referred to as the Glorious Revolution?
It was a forced change of government with no bloodshed.
Identify a type of government where the power of government is unchecked and people have no say in how they are governed.
Unlimited, Absolute, or Totalitarian Government
What change did John Locke believe needed to happen if a government infringed on the rights of the people?
Locke believed the people needed to overthrow the government.
What is the purpose of a bill of rights?
The purpose is to protect the rights of the people.
What event established the beginning of limited government in England?
The Glorious Revolution
How did the Enlightenment lead to the end of absolute monarchies in Europe?
People believed that government needed the consent of the people.
Who served as a king of France for 72 years, dismissed the French legislature, was nicknamed the “Sun King,” and is an example of an unlimited monarch?
Louis XIV
What was developed as an orderly way of conducting experiments?
The Scientific Method
What American Revolutionary used the ideas of John Locke when he wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What was the idea that monarchs were empowered by God?
Divine Right
What term refers to the agreement between the people and their government?
Social Contract