Central Nervous System Chapter 8 Central Nervous System Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

CNS Functions CNS stands for central nervous system Communication and coordination system in the body Gives us personality Seat of intellect and reasoning Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

The Nerve Cell Called the neuron Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane Dendrites – received the signal Axons (only one per cell) myelin sheath (how it conducts the signal

Nervous Tissue/Cells Neurons (different types) Membrane excitability Sensory = afferent Motor or efferent Associative or interneurons Membrane excitability

Synapse When messages go from one cell to the next cell Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitters Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Divisions of the Nervous System Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system 12 pairs of cranial nerves (coming out of the brain) Eyes, smell, ect… 31 pairs of spinal nerves Autonomic nervous system (fight or flight Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Effects of Aging Slowing nerve conduction Loss of brain size Slowing of reaction time Changes in sleep patterns

The Brain Weighs about 1400 grams or 3 pounds 100 billion neurons Meninges (covering) and cerebrospinal fluid Without oxygen, brain damage occurs within 4-8 minutes Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

The Brain Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem

The Brain

Memory Storage of old and new information Role of the hippocampus Short or long term memory

Meninges =Coverings of the Brain Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Ventricles of the Brain Four lined cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid 1st and 2nd Right and left lateral ventricles 3rd Connected to the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramen

Ventricles of the Brain Connected to the 3rd by the cerebral aqueduct Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

CSF Cerebral spinal fluid =CSF Formed inside the four ventricles Formation and flow of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) Blood-brain barrier Lumbar puncture

Cerebrum Largest part of the brain Weighs about 2 pounds Cerebral cortex Two hemispheres and longitudinal fissure Fissures and sulci Gyri or convulutions Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Five Major Fissures Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure Central fissure Lateral fissure Parieto-occipital fissure Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Cerebral Functions depends on location Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Limbic lobe or system Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Diencephalon Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain Thalamus Hypothalamus Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Hypothalamus Important part of homeostasis Autonomic nervous control Cardiovascular control Temperature control Appetite control Water balance Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Hypothalamus Manufacture of oxytocin Gastrointestinal control Emotional state Sleep control Mind-over-body experiences Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Cerebellum Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Cerebellar Function Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum Maintenance of balance Maintenance of muscle tone Coordination of muscle movements Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Brain Stem Midbrain Pons -breathing Medulla oblongata The cranial nerves 3-12 emerge

Spinal Cord Begins at foramen magnum of the occipital bone Ends at the second lumbar vertebrae 31 pairs of spinal nerves Protected by meninges and other tissues White and gray matter Functions Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

gray horns and the gray commissure form the “gray H.” Columns” of white matter carry information either up or down the spinal cord

Disorders Meningitis Encephalitis Epilepsy Cerebral palsy Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Disorders Poliomyelitis Hydrocephalus Parkinson’s disease Essential tremor Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Disorders Multiple sclerosis West Nile virus Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Disorders Brain tumors Hematoma Spinal cord injuries Quadriplegia Paraplegia

Headaches Tension Migraine Cluster Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov Chiropractic physician & Instructor at Heald College Back in the Game www.bigsportsmed.com