SWITCH Pilot Training: ICLEI/WEDC 28 th to 29 th July 2010 By : Harrison Mutikanga NWSC Managing Water Supply and Demand in Entebbe

Presentation Outline 1.Introduction 2.Managing Water Supply 3.Managing Demand 4.Future Challenges 5.Conclusions

Introduction Located on a peninsular into Lake Victoria Total Area = 56.2 Km 2 (20 Km 2 is water ) 55,086 people (2002 Census) Population growth rate is estimated to be 2.2% ENTEBBE MUNICIPALITY

Water Management NWSC is responsible for water supply and sewerage services in Entebbe Estimated population in service area – 215,000 (2009) and about 70% is served Popn. growth rate for service area is about 5% and is projected to reach 289,000 in 2015.

Water Management Source: Lake Victoria Treatment – Conventional (coagulation, filtration, disinfection) Daily Production is 10,700 m 3 /day Number of Service Connections is 16,000 Sewerage is very limited to about 4%

Water Demand Management Supply-Side Demand Management  Leakage management by NWSC Demand-Side Management  Metering – universal metering  Pricing–Ushs 1,585 per m 3 (Euro 0.6) for domestic Emphasis on water conservation and efficient use in Uganda is less compared to energy-demand management probably due to abundant water resources Enough water resources but lack of infrastructure to make use of it

Water Demand Management Sustainable Cities: meet the water needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Is Entebbe a sustainable city w.r.t water supply???

Water Demand Management House Conns l/c/d Yard Taps – 40 l/c/d Stand pipe – 20 l/c/d Source: Beller Consult GmbH, 2003

How does Entebbe Compare with? USA – l/c/d England & Wales – 145 l/c/d Germany – 130 l/c/d There is potential for high income households to reduce further their demand by atleast 20 l/c/d With 14,216 HH of mean size 3.8 (2002 Census), and using 9% as high income, water savings of about 35 Ml/year would be realized, enough to serve about 5,000 poor people using stand pipes Source: Thornton et al., 2008

Entebbe Needs New approaches Paradigm shift - from the unsustainable traditional supply-driven urban water management and embrace the new concepts of urban water demand management. WDM strategy has been restricted to a key focus areas which are essential for efficient management of water supply systems

Probable WDM Tools for Entebbe Replacing old service lines and plumbing fixtures Use of more efficient shower heads &dual flush toilets Use of flow and pressure regulators on taps & showers Enhanced Rain water harvesting Gray water re-use Proactive leak detection and repair

Probable WDM Tools for Entebbe Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) Manage the interactions between the urban water cycle Reduce health impacts to the urban population and the environment when closing the water cycle.

Future Challenges & Pressures 13 Population growth and Urbanization Climate change and climate variability Emerging urban water pollutants Complex socio- economic issues

Future Challenges & Pressures 14 Dramatic reduction of water availability Kenya already falls below the water poverty line (< 1,000 m 3 /person/year) Water scarcity is likely to hit Uganda by 2035 (896 m 3 /person/year) – (WSPR, 2009) Per Capita Annual Renewable Freshwater Availability in East Africa Source: WRM,2005

Future Challenges & Pressures 15 Heavily Polluted Raw Water Source – Gaba, Kla.

Conclusion  There is need to identify a water conservation and demand strategy for Entebbe Municipality  There is need for research and development in potential water use saving facilities and appropriate technologies  Public awareness, education and training is required to improve the acceptance of innovative ways to augment water supply. SWITCH training packages & guidance docs are a good tool in this respect. 16

Thank You Questions Please !!!