The Russian Revolution

Russian Imperial Flag 1699--1917 Russian Imperial Flag 1914-1917

The System Finally Russians were questioning Absolute Monarchs. A history of cruel and oppressive rule by Czars caused civil unrest. 1825- Army officers revolted Czar Alexander II believed in slow reform 1881- Revolutionaries assassinated Alexander II Finally Russians were questioning Absolute Monarchs. 1881- Alexander III took over and stopped reform Alexander III believed in autocracy- total power Under Alex III- Russian couldn’t question his power, had to go to the Russian Orthodox Church, and had to speak Russian Total control- media, education, language, secret police, religion, and created pogroms that targeted the Jews. Jewish home, stores, and synagogues were destroyed Created Work camps in Siberia.

The System 1894- Czar Nicholas II continued the autocracy- but times were changing Early 1900’s - Russian Industry expands. Example- 4th largest steel producer in the world. Trans-Siberian Rail road completed

The System Finally Russia was going through an Industrial Revolution. Unlike in England and the United States, labor unions were outlawed. What is going to happen to the worker?

Stresses Workers organized strikes Soon organized political parties were created The Marxist were a political group that followed the communist ideas of Karl Marx. They read the Communist manifesto and believed that the proletariat (worker) would soon take power over the country.

Capitalism vs. Communism Free Market Economy (Capitalism) Command Economy (Communism) Adam Smith Philosopher(s) Karl Marx Hands off, faith in the market, competition leads to improvements Class struggle, haves and have not’s, Gov’t Regulation, shared ownership of resources Ideas Who determines Price? People Government Who determines Supply? People Government Who determines Demand? Government People

Capitalism vs. Communism Free Market Economy (Capitalism) Command Economy (Communism) People Government Who determines Wages rewarded Discouraged- share ownership of resources, the rich are rich because they have taken advantage of others Views on private property? Views on competition? encouraged Discouraged Gov’t influence on the economy? Hands on Limited Views on Freedom valued Regulation over choice incentives People lack incentives Inventions/improve

Discontent for the Absolute Monarch- Nicholas II Stresses Discontent for the Absolute Monarch- Nicholas II + Rapid Industrialization- poor working conditions, child labor, long hours, harsh conditions Think about the workers of the industrial revolution + The Spread of Ideas

Stresses Industrialism Marxism Revolution

Stresses In 1903, The Marxist broke into two groups The Mensheviks- wanted a broad base of popular support before they revolted. The Bolsheviks- supported a small group of revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for change. They were led by Lenin. In the early 1900’s Lenin Fled to Finland to avoid arrest. He would return when the time was right.

Stresses The Russo- Japanese War- 1904- Russia broke imperial agreements with Japan over Korea and Manchuria. They went to war and were defeated. This was very embarrassing.

Stresses The Bloody Sunday January 1905: Nicholas II’s generals order soldiers to fire on a crowd of 200,000 unarmed workers and families. The Workers and their families had approached the czar’s palace to ask for better working conditions, more freedom, and an elected legislature. Between 500 and 1000 unarmed men and women were killed. Led to strikes and violence across the country.

Stresses The Duma Nicholas II reluctantly promised more freedom. May 1906- Russia’s first Parliament called the Duma met. The moderate leaders wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy. The Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. Other Dumas were formed but none had power.

Stresses World War I Czar Nicholas II dragged Russia into World War I. Russia Unprepared- lost 4 million men in first year (killed/wounded/POW) Exposed Russian weakness in military and political leadership.

Stresses Rasputin Nicholas II moved head quarters to the front. His wife ran the government. She ignored her advisors and instead listened to this man. . . Rasputin

Stresses Rasputin Holy Man- claimed to magical healing power. Would hypnotize Alexandra and her son. Made sick son feel better and was awarded the opportunity to make political decisions. Was murdered by political opponents. Give enough poison to kill 5 people Shot 4 times, once in the head His body was mutilated Thrown in River Official cause of death- drowning

Revolution War continued to wage and was destroying the morale of the nation and its economy. The March Revolution March 1917, women textile workers in Petrograd led a citywide strike. Wanted Bread and Fuel. 200,000 workers swarmed the streets. Soldiers turned on the officers “Down with Autocracy”

Revolution March Revolution- started as a local protest and exploded into a nation uprising. Czar Nicholas II gave up his throne. Within a year he and his family were executed. The Romanov’s rule was over after 300 years. Failed to establish a strong government.

Revolution A Provisional Government was established. Led by Alexander Kerensky. He decided to continue the war with Germany, this coast him support. Social Revolutionaries formed Soviets. Soviet- local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers. Soviets had a strong influence. Lenin is returned to Russia by the Germans.

Revolution Lenin took control of the Soviets in Petrograd. “All power to the Soviets” “Peace, Land, and Bread” November 1917 Lenin and the Bolsheviks took over the Provisional Government Lenin redistributed farmlands to the peasants Gave control of the factories to the workers Signed a truce with Germany The terms of the truce angered many Russians- Civil War

Civil War Film Civil War Bolsheviks- Red Army vs White Army Fought for 3 years- over 15 million Russians were killed in the fighting and the famine. The Red Army was victorious Film

U.S.S.R. Post - Civil War New Economic Policy (NEP)- Small scale capitalism Peasant could sell surplus of crops for a profit Buy and selling of goods for a profit Government control of industry, banks, and communication Allowed some private ownership of small business, factories, and farms 1922- In order to keep nationalism in check Russia was organized into several small self-governing republics – named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) New capital was Moscow Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist party This became a dictatorship. Lenin died in 1924

Totalitarianism Joseph Stalin- man of steel Lenin was cautious of Stalin. According to Stalin- Death is the solution to all problems- no man, no problem. Totalitarianism- government that takes total control Totalitarianism- government that takes total control Command economy- Government makes all economic decisions.

Totalitarianism Stalin’s 5 year plans were a series of plans intended to catch Russia up with the rest of Europe. cut= Set impossible quotas for production. To meet production consumer products were cut and food production was cut= led to shortages for basic necessities. Government determined jobs, wages, and hours. They also determined where workers lived. If quotas were not met people were executed or sent to the Gulag system. Industrialism increased 25%.

Totalitarianism Stalin’s 5 year plans were a series of plans intended to catch Russia up with the rest of Europe. cut= Set impossible quotas for production. To meet production consumer products were cut and food production was cut= led to shortages for basic necessities. Government determined jobs, wages, and hours. They also determined where workers lived. If quotas were not met people were executed or sent to the Gulag system. Industrialism increased 25%. Government seized farms and turned them into collective farm

Totalitarianism Police Terror – Killed all enemies, punished disloyalty The Great Purge- Stalin’s police hunted down Bolsheviks that threatened his power Nobody was safe. Remember, “Death is the solution to all problems- no man, no problem. Over 13 million deaths.

Bloody Sunday http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgOLaRInUog http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBiW2ztjJBw Rasputin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RK9jvK2kGk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxAUQnh8-4o Czar gives up power http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSgJaTjiwps Nov 7th http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EjDNdn_cjc&feature=fvsr Continue up to stalin Find videos on you tube Create a compare and contrast anaylsis sheet between French and Russian revoltution

6. Counter revolution- moving closer to original balance Revolution Model 3. Breaking Point – An event or a series of events that serve as final straw and necessitate change 6. Counter revolution- moving closer to original balance 4. Revolution 5. Aftermath Revolution Revolutionaries establish system that goes beyond even original balance 2. Strain on the system Soaring then crashing Class struggle Unhappy intellectuals Incompetent Government Gutless leaders Fiscal Irresponsibility Misuse of military Reduction of Rights 1.Normal life

Connections in History Topic French Revolution Russian Revolution Problems at Home Problems at abroad Economy Type of Government End Result Triggering event Foreign Influence Personalities Social issues Mulitple Rev.