Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Nervous System: Integration and Control Parts of the Nervous system CNS PNS Nerve cell Brain anatomy Nervous Disorders
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Components of the Nervous System Figure 11.1
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Principle Parts of Nervous System Central nervous system (CNS) Components: brain and spinal cord Functions: receives, processes, and transfers information Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Components: nerves outside CNS Sensory neurons: carry information toward the CNS Motor neurons: carry information away from CNS
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Neurons in the Nervous System Figure 11.2 Sensory neuron Dendrite Receptor Cell body Axon Axon terminals Axon bulb Dendrites Cell body Axon Axon hillock Interneuron Brain and spinal cord Motor neuron Skin Muscle Impulse direction
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.7a Myelinated Neuron
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Summary of Synaptic Transmission Figure 11.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Somatic Division Functions Voluntary Conscious control of skeletal muscles Involuntary Spinal reflexes Flexor (withdrawal) Crossed extensor Stretch
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Reflex Arcs Animation—Reflex Arcs Figure PLAY
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Autonomic Division Controls automatic body functions Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Somatic and Autonomic Divisions of the PNS Table 11.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure (1 of 2) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure (2 of 2) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure FOREBRAIN Thalamus Receives, processes and transfers information Corpus callosum Bridges the two cerebral hemispheres Cerebrum Coordinates language Controls decision making Produces conscious thought
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure MIDBRAIN Relays visual and auditory inputs Coordinates movement
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure HINDBRAIN Cerebellum Controls basic and skilled movements Medulla oblongata Controls automatic functions of internal organs Pons Connects cerebellum, spinal cord with higher brain centers Aids medulla in regulating respiration
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure (1 of 2)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure (2 of 2)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Limbic System: Emotions of Fear, Anger, Sorrow, Love
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Psychoactive Drugs Psychological dependence User craves the feeling associated with the drug Tolerance Requires more of the substance to achieve the same affect
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Psychoactive Drugs Addiction The need to continue obtaining and using a substance No free choice Withdrawal Physical symptoms that occur upon stopping the drug
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Disorders of the Nervous System Infections Viruses or bacteria that manage to pass through the blood–brain barrier Encephalitis Inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection Rabies Infectious viral disease
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Disorders of the Nervous System Neural and synaptic transmission Epilepsy Recurring episodes of abnormal electrical acitvity Parkinson’s disease Loss of dopamine-releasing neurons Alzheimer’s disease Shortage of acetylcholine Brain tumors