Governmental Constraints on Construction Chapter 2

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Objectives of a Building Code The building code regulates issues of: life safety fire safety structural safety health and welfare property protection

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Life Safety Life safety includes safety regulations not related to fire or structure. These include: guardrail height and configuration handrail dimensions and clearances stair tread & riser ratios and uniformity.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Fire Safety Fire resistance of materials and construction Types of building construction Smoke protection Means of Egress

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Means of Egress System Exit access Exit Exit discharge

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Structural Safety The objective of structural safety accounts for the most regulations in a building code.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Health and Welfare Lighting Ventilation Sanitation Indoor climate Noise control

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Property Protection Durability of materials Material and construction standards embedded in code

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Code Enforcement Enforced under police powers of the state Generally delegated to a local jurisdiction Administered by a “Building Official”

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Model Codes Developed by an independent agency based on the latest knowledge of safety requirements construction methods and techniques performance of materials and systems For a national or regional jurisdiction Adopted and modified by state and local jurisdictions

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Model Codes in the United States Prior to 2000, regionally based codes: Uniform Building Code (Western states & US Cities)up to date seismic provisions-earthquakes Standard Building Code (South and SE states) up to date wind load provisions - hurricanes BOCA National Building Code (Central & NE states) 2000 and later International Building Code (adopted by most states)

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Model codes published by International Code Council

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Components of a Typical Building Code (IBC) Code administration Building planning occupancy type of construction frontage maximum allowable area and height Fire protection Occupant needs

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Components of a Typical Building Code (IBC) (continued) Occupant needs Building envelope Structural systems and materials Nonstructural materials Building services Miscellaneous

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Steps in applying the building code to a proposed building

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Occupancy Classification & Determination of Hazard Concentration of occupants Fuel content Mobility of occupants Familiarity of occupants with the building

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Occupancy Separation

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Construction Standards Foundations of the modern building code, they contain technical information that addresses: Properties of a building product Standard specification Test methods used to determine properties of a material Standard test method Method of installation or construction Standard method of practice

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Organizations That Write Standards Trade Associations Professional Societies Standards-Producing Organizations ANSI - American National Standards Institute ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials UL - Underwriters Laboratories

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Other Major Governmental Constraints Zoning ordinance Accessibility standards Building type requirements

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Zoning Ordinance (zoning code) “Regulate the use of land under the jurisdiction of [a municipality] according to a comprehensive master plan” Land use types are grouped into districts, typically residential commercial industrial special purpose Document includes map text

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Zoning text includes Description of land use types Development standards ground coverage maximum floor area ratio maximum height number of stories minimum setbacks Description of administrative process

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Building Accessibility Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), enacted in 1990, effective January 1992 Ensure equal opportunity to individuals with disabilities. Barrier-free access routes on site, into and within all spaces of a building.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Principles in Practice: Five steps to determine Code Allowable Area and Building Height 1. Tabular area and height (Table 2.4) 2. Area increase due to frontage 3. Area increase and height increase due to fire sprinklers 4. Maximum allowable area per floor 5. Maximum allowable area on all floors

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. Example 1 Determine if the plan of the furniture warehouse shown below meets the building code restrictions on allowable area and height. The building is: One story high (total height 30 ft) Type II (B) construction No automatic sprinklers

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.

Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved.