The rise of Citizen Cyberscience and its impact on professional research Dr. Miguel Angel Marquina CERN, Switzerland

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Another Slant on Open Science Citizens vs Researchers In Science and Innovation, can ordinary citizens… Co-fund it with their own means? Co-fund it with their own means? Influence (proactively) its trends? Influence (proactively) its trends? Participate (meaningfully) in its progress? Participate (meaningfully) in its progress?

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Assets in the hands of citizens Around the world there are million computers and devices alike (game consoles, intelligent electrical appliances…) million computers and devices alike (game consoles, intelligent electrical appliances…) 5000 million mobile, smartphone and tablets – location+imaging enabled 5000 million mobile, smartphone and tablets – location+imaging enabled in the hands of 7000 million humans

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Science and Innovation Traditional approach Sizeable infrastructures (R&D sites, labs, universities) Sizeable infrastructures (R&D sites, labs, universities) Work developed in teams Work developed in teams Relevance assessed/ranked/approved by restricted bodies of experts Relevance assessed/ranked/approved by restricted bodies of experts Institutional funding Institutional funding Direct impact on society may not be a prime directive Direct impact on society may not be a prime directive

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Science and Innovation Imagine… What if citizens could contribute… their computers their computers their mobile devices their mobile devices their own brain power their own brain power to R&D projects?

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Science and Innovation “Citizen” approach Individual researchers may explore novel ideas without engaging institutional resources Individual researchers may explore novel ideas without engaging institutional resources Funding based on attracting volunteers to their cause Funding based on attracting volunteers to their cause Expert assessment shifts to “Selected by popular demand” Expert assessment shifts to “Selected by popular demand” Impact on society – citizens drive it Impact on society – citizens drive it

Citizen Cyberscience Volunteer Computing Contribution: Passive – volunteer’s CPUs Most projects based on an open-source platform called BOINC

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Physics (e.g. CERN) Sixtrack700 years T4T44K CPUs GEANT(4) studies GEANT(4) studies Interactions of particles/radiation with matter Popular code in Medical Physics GARFIELD – simulation of gas detectors GARFIELD – simulation of gas detectors

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Astrophysics M years 5M clients Search for sources of gravitational waves 6800 years 137K CPUs(*) 1 CPU = 1 KSfp2K = 2.8 GHz Xeon

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Life Sciences years 84K CPUs To predict proteine structure from sequence New proteins for cures of human diseases (HIV, malaria, cancer…) Proteine (mis)folding – degenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Huntington…)

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Geology/Climate Climateprediction.net Climateprediction.net years 115K clients Climate change (variant of above, non-overlapping targets)

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Helping Developing Countries African humanitarian causes Project kick-off initiated by CERN Malariacontrol.net Malariacontrol.net Malaria propagation studies (within the framework of Computing for Clear Water (ref. paper) Computing for Clear Water (ref. paper) Water flow through nanotubes – Sponsored by CCC

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Volunteer Computing All kinds, all flavours SCIENCE (BOINC) eOn climateprediction.net (BOINC) Muon1 (BOINC) BBC Climate Change Experiment (BOINC) Leiden Classical (BOINC) (BOINC) (BOINC) (BOINC) (BOINC) (BOINC) PS3GRID (BOINC) Mars Clickworkers LIFE SCIENCES Parabon Computation Übero Drug Design Optimization Lab (D2OL) The Virtual Laboratory Project Community TSC (BOINC) Human Proteome Folding (WCG) CHRONOS (BOINC) (BOINC) (BOINC) SIMAP (BOINC) malariacontrol.net (BOINC) Help Defeat Cancer (WCG) TANPAKU (BOINC) Genome Comparison (WCG) (BOINC) (BOINC) Help Cure Muscular Dystrophy (WCG) MATHEMATICS AND CRYPTOGRAPHY Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search Proth Prime Search ECMNET Minimal Equal Sums of Like Powers MM61 Project 3x + 1 Problem Distributed Search for Fermat Number Divisors Generalized Fermat Prime Search PSearch Seventeen or Bust Factorizations of Cyclotomic Numbers Goldbach Conjecture Verification The Riesel Problem The 3*2^n-1 Search NFSNET Search for Multifactorial Primes 15k Prime Search ElevenSmooth Riesel Sieve The Prime Sierpinski Project P.I.E.S. - Prime Internet Eisenstein Search Factors of k*2^n±1 XYYXF Search 2721 Search Operation Billion Digits SIGPS Primesearch Lone Mersenne Hunters Factoring 100 Million digits prefactor project Repdigit Prime Problems Mersenneplustwo Factorizations Sierpinski/Riesel Base 5 SZTAKI Desktop Grid (BOINC) Riesel Prime Search Proth Sieve Twin Internet Prime Search Pi Segment Rectilinear Crossing Number (BOINC) (BOINC) WEP-M+2 Project (BOINC) distributed.net PrimeGrid (BOINC) M4 HashClash (BOINC) Assault on 13th Labour Free Rainbow Tables IT PERFORMANCE Gómez Performance ($) Network Peer dCrawl DIMES Red Library DLV Majestic-12 Boitho PeerFactor DepSpid Pingdom GIGRIB Project Neuron (BOINC) PUZZLES AND GAMES ChessBrain (BOINC) FINANCIAL MoneyBee GStock ART electric sheep Internet Movie Project (BOINC) Source:

Citizen Cyberscience Volunteer Information Discovery Contribution: Active - In the field Using GPS+camera-enabled devices for data gathering, mapping, geotagging (often associated to Google Earth)

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Information Discovery in Action Cybermappr – UNOSAT/UniGe partnership in CCC, sponsored by HP UNOSAT/UniGe partnership in CCC, sponsored by HP Used currently for geotagging of regions under humanitarian conflicts/crisis Used currently for geotagging of regions under humanitarian conflicts/crisis See Google group “Geotag Libya” See Google group “Geotag Libya”

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Information Discovery in Action EpiCollect - Framework for associating information to maps

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Information Discovery in Action HP Gloe - Platform for location-based information discovery

Citizen Cyberscience Volunteer Thinking Contribution: proactive – volunteer’s ”HPUs” Brain power to its best

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in Action Innocentive - Citizen Problem Solving (A.Bingham)

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in action Galaxy Zoo - Galaxy classification (pattern recognition)

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in action FoldIt - Protein folding strategies

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in action Old Weather - Source: climate-science-one-ship-at-a-time Source: climate-science-one-ship-at-a-time

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Citizen Cyberscience Centre In essence A network to foster citizen cyberscience worldwide, focus on developing countries A network to foster citizen cyberscience worldwide, focus on developing countries An open place for exchange, collaboration An open place for exchange, collaboration A ”Think Tank” lab to explore new cyberscience concepts A ”Think Tank” lab to explore new cyberscience concepts

Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Arthur C. Clarke 2001 : A Space Odyssey “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.” “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.” “The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.” “The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.”