Objectives Define arthritis List risk factors Distinguish between osteoarthritis, gout, tendonitis and bursitis in disease origin List common types of serious arthritis

Arthritis Arthritis = inflammation of the joints. Term also used by lay people to describe pain in soft tissues. Over 200 forms of arthritis. About 30% of adults have arthritis. Major symptom = in or around joints PAIN

Risk Factors for Arthritis Age > 40 years Women > men Obesity Previous joint injury

Osteoarthritis Your mother, who is overweight, has pain in both knees whenever she walks too far. Her knees are stiff in the morning and hurt before it rains. The pain gets better when she rests or takes acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naprosyn over the counter. Her knees are big, bony, and sometimes swollen, but don’t get red or warm.

Osteoarthritis 21 million Americans have osteoarthritis Breakdown in cartilage and new bone formation Increased risk with older age, obesity, overuse or previous injury to joints

Osteoarthritis Common spots of osteoarthritis hips knees hands, especially base of thumb base of great toe spine What is not osteoarthritis? Red, hot joints

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis Treatment weight reduction exercise physical and occupational therapy joint protection pain relief over the counter medications, esp. acetaminophen prescription medications joint injections joint replacement

Gout Your brother, who has high blood pressure, woke up in the middle of the night with excruciating pain in his right great toe. It hurt so bad he could not stand to have the sheet rest on his foot last night; he couldn’t sleep. The joint at the base of the toe is red, hot, swollen and very tender. His other joints are OK. He had an episode just like this 5 months ago, and it went away by itself, over 5-7 days.

Gout Gout is caused by too much uric acid in the body. Crystals of uric acid form inside a joint and cause inflammation, which makes the joint red, hot, swollen and painful. runs in families more common in men, women after menopause, and African Americans. Other risk factors include obesity high blood pressure drinking too much alcohol kidney failure water pills

Gout Treatment: See a doctor for evaluation and medicine to reduce inflammation and pain. May need to medicine to prevent future attacks. Can develop into chronic arthritis and cause joint destruction.

Tendonitis Your son just spent two weeks painting his house. Now, his shoulders hurt whenever he reaches overhead, even to put on a shirt. He has never had any shoulder pain before and his other joints are fine.

Tendonitis Diagnosis = shoulder tendonitis. Tendonitis = inflammation of a tendon. A tendon is a tissue cord that holds a muscle onto a bone. Treatments reduce/stop doing whatever caused it non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents steroid injections physical therapy – splinting, heat, ice

Bursitis Bursitis = inflammation of a bursa. A bursa is a sac that lays over bony projections, to reduce friction as tissue rubs over the bone. Common sites of bursitis outer shoulder area outer hip area elbow over and below the knee cap

Serious types of arthritis Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) Rheumatoid arthritis Scleroderma Sjogren’s syndome Lyme disease Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriatic arthritis Infectious arthritis

When to see a doctor for arthritis Joint is red, hot or very painful. Other symptoms such as fever, tiredness, weight loss, rash, skin thickening, hair loss, ulcers in the nose or mouth or on the fingers, cold sensitivity in the hands, swollen fingers or toes, muscle weakness, numbness or tingling. Pain persists despite over the counter medication.