Inflammation Human Biology What is it? What are the stages, and occurrences in those stages? Extensions?

Inflammation Attempt to restore balance in an area. Attempt to restore balance in an area. Injury…the inflammatory response is initiated. Protective, defensive. Injury…the inflammatory response is initiated. Protective, defensive.

Inflammation Etiologies: Etiologies: Mechanical Trauma Mechanical Trauma MVC (collisions), Knife Wounds, Gunshots, Surgery, twisting an ankle, knee. MVC (collisions), Knife Wounds, Gunshots, Surgery, twisting an ankle, knee. Foreign invaders (like bacteria) Foreign invaders (like bacteria) Toxins. Entrance though skin breaks (burn, splinter, wounds) Toxins. Entrance though skin breaks (burn, splinter, wounds)

Inflammation Symptoms Symptoms Erythema Erythema Redness, heat Redness, heat Pain Pain Edema (swelling) Edema (swelling)

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Inflammation due to gout

mullegger-4.jpg Lyme Disease

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Lymphedema Damaged, absent, malformed vessels Note: This is showing you an illustration of edema, and not the entire inflammatory response.

Inflammation has five basic stages: Vasodilation (And Increased Vessel Permeability) Phagocyte Migration Nutrient/Metabolic Increase Fibrin Formation Pus Formation

Inflammatory Stages 1) Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels. Histamine release does this at the site of damage. Pain from damages nerve endings. Histamine release does this at the site of damage. Pain from damages nerve endings. Chemical released during allergy, inflammatory response. Chemical released during allergy, inflammatory response. Causes redness and swelling Causes redness and swelling

Inflammatory Stages 2) Phagocyte migration White Blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria and dead tissue. White Blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria and dead tissue.

Inflammatory Stages 3) Release of nutrients/Metabolic increase Need more energy to fight infection/wounds. Need more energy to fight infection/wounds. Cellular respiration increase Cellular respiration increase Need more energy To deal with this

Mechanically wounded epithelium forming New junctions (arrow). (false color) ls.berkeley.edu/bio/ gallery_mcb/wound.html

Inflammatory Stages 4) Fibrin Formation Soluble protein called fibrinogen coverts to fibrin. Soluble protein called fibrinogen coverts to fibrin. Traps bacteria at the site to isolate infected/damaged area. Traps bacteria at the site to isolate infected/damaged area.

Inflammatory Stages 5) Pus Formation Thick fluid containing live cells, dead cells, bacteria, white blood cells. Thick fluid containing live cells, dead cells, bacteria, white blood cells.

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Maggot Therapy

Do you doubt the effectiveness of this treatment?? The pictures you will see are proof that maggot therapy can help patients that have not responded to conventional therapy. The pictures you will see are proof that maggot therapy can help patients that have not responded to conventional therapy.

Gangrenous ulcerations Patient was in hospital for 5 weeks, receiving IV antibiotics and surgery. Doesn’t look too good.

Two weeks later, after maggots have been applied. See the healthy tissue? It is red and bloody, but healthy.

3 Months later… An excellent result. The scarring will fade over the coming months.

Surgeons had a tough time figuring out which was good tissue and bad tissue, due to the advanced nature of the ulceration. They didn’t want to cut too much away. 3 years of foot ulcers in this 70 yr. old patient.

After maggots were applied, the wound was cleaned, and the dead tissue was removed. As you can tell, the maggots did a much better job than the surgeons could.

After healing, the wound looks fantastic. Two years afterwards, the wound had not reoccurred. pathology/sherman/cases.htm Last 7 slides are from Maggot Therapy Project, University of California, Irvine.