Islamic World.

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Presentation transcript:

Islamic World

Islamic Religion 8th to 14th great period of expansion Predecessor—Bedouin tribes (polytheist, animistic nomads) Mecca’s Kaaba housed the Black Stone and other relics

Muhammad Muhammad born in Mecca in 570 Orphaned as a young boy and taken in by his uncle—a camel driver for caravans In mid-twenties marries widow trader While in the desert, he hear Gabriel’s call to be a prophet of Allah He saw himself as the final revelation of both previous traditions: Judaism and Christianity

Muhammad’s Five Pillars of Faith Confession of faith Prayers five times a day Welfare of believers Observance of Ramadan Making a hajj to Mecca

Origins of the Kaaba Islamic tradition states that the Kaaba was built by Abraham and Ishmael as a reminder of the links between Muslims and Jews. It is also believed to be the site of the place where Abraham was planning on sacrificing Isaac

The Kaaba, Mecca

Muhammad left his hometown and moved to Medina (hijra) in 622 Muhammad left his hometown and moved to Medina (hijra) in 622. After converting Medina, he returned to Mecca and destroyed the idols in the Kaaba.

Quran=recitation As with Jesus, Muhammad never wrote down his thoughts—that was left to his disciples Quran deals with secular and spiritual matters It condemns drinking, gambling, eating pork, and immorality Allows for men being more equal than women as with Christianity

N.B. margin notes

Spread of Islam in just over a century Under Muhammad 622-632 632-661 661-733 Spread of Islam in just over a century

Expansion of Islam Paralleled the expansion of Christianity. Jihad=holy war and internal struggle over sin There wasn’t much difference between holy wars from both Christianity and Islam Conversion wasn’t so much forced as much as the advantageousness of being within Islam.

Factors slowing Islamic spread Constantinople and Greek fire Charles Martel (the Hammer) from Tours

Divisions within Islam After Muhammad’s death several “denominations” developed within Islam: Sunni=the tradition of the Prophet (the orthodox 90% of Islam who believe in election from within the faith) Shiites=claim that they are descendents of Ali and only Shiites should be rulers

Sufi…purification through physical sensation of dance and music N.B. Recall the differences between the East (emotional) and the West (logical)

Whirling Dervishes

Spread of trade and culture Islamic traders North Africa (salt, slaves, gold, etc.) Timbuktu, Damascus, Baghdad, Cordoba, Cairo—great centers of power, libraries, and learning Surpassed Western Christendom in wealth, education, libraries, arts and culture With the Mongol invasions in 1258 the tide began to turn Islamic Culture multicultural (Arab and non-Arab)

Islamic Art and Architecture

Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain 784-787

Alhambra, Spain

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem 687-691

The Thousand and One Nights Literature The Thousand and One Nights http://www.geocities.com/Athens/4824/arabian/a_index.html http://www.middleeastuk.com/culture/mosaic/arabian.htm