Endocrine System Created By: Lauren Covey, Sophia Yang, Delaney Sullivan, Lena Tahir, Michael Chen.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Endocrine System 8 Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and.
Advertisements

The Endocrine System Presented By: Jess C. Alex B. Aleeya W.
Endocrine System Chp 13.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
 Second great controlling system of the body  Body system that contains internal organs that secrete hormones.
Endocrine System Nestor T. Hilvano, M.D., M.P.H.
Chapter 9: Endocrine System and Hormone Activity Homeostatic Control through Hormone Release.
Chapter 9: The endocrine system
Endocrine System.
© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in.
Chapter 13 Endocrine System
Endocrine System Hormones and their actions. Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands Endocrine glands secrete their products (hormones) into the blood stream where.
Biology Mr.Karns Endocrine system.
The Endocrine System Anatomy and Physiology Endocrine System Endocrine organs secrete hormones directly into body fluids (blood) Hormones are chemical.
Endocrine System 1. Made up of glands that produce and
Ch 30 hormones Ap Biology Lecture Endocrine System Includes cells that produce and release chemical signals (hormones) –Endocrine cells secrete hormones.
Endocrine System ► Exocrine Gland-  Has a duct that carries secretion ► Endocrine Gland-  Ductless gland that secretes a hormone into the blood ► Hormone-
Chapter 50 Table of Contents Section 1 Hormones
Nervous System vs Endocrine System Nervous SystemEndocrine System Nt’s act on a specific cell right next to it Hormone can act on nearby cell or cell in.
Ch 30 hormones Ap Biology Lecture Endocrine System Includes cells that produce and release chemical signals (hormones) –Endocrine cells secrete hormones.
© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1 PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany.
Chapter 9: Endocrine System and Hormone Activity Homeostatic Control through Hormone Release.
AP Biology Endocrine System Hormones AP Biology  Why are hormones needed?  chemical messages from one body part to another  communication.
Chapter 10 Endocrine System
Lecture #20Date _______ u Chapter 45 ~ Chemical Signals in Animals.
Jordan S. Kelsey G. Jena P. Sam P.. A network of glands that secrete hormones, which travel in the bloodstream and affect the functioning of target cells.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. TYPES OF GLANDS Endocrine Exocrine.
Animal form and function: endocrine. Controls  Animals have 2 systems of control  Nervous: rapid response  Endocrine: slower response. Longer lasting.
Lecture #20Date _______ u Chapter 45 ~ Chemical Signals in Animals.
The Endocrine System (Chemical Control System) Hormones – Steroid Hormones – Protein Hormones Negative feedback The Pituitary Gland Posterior and Anterior.
Endocrine System. Some Review First 4 types of cell signal mechamisms  Direct Contact- see table and page 127  Paracrine Signaling, message transmitted.
Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 11 The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones.
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 9.23 – 9.41 Seventh Edition Elaine.
U Chapter 45 ~ Chemical Signals in Animals. Regulatory systems u Hormone~ chemical signal secreted into body fluids (blood) communicating regulatory messages.
Endocrine System. Endocrinology Study of endocrine system Endocrine and nervous system work together to maintain a stable internal environment.
Human Endocrine System
Endocrine System. Endocrine glands are composed of cells that secrete: – Hormones amino acid derivatives peptides and proteins steroids.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Chapter 16.
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 9.23 – 9.41 Seventh Edition Elaine.
Endocrine System Remember: Your nervous system senses impulses over a system of wire-like neurons that carry messages from one cell to another The term.
Chapter 16 - The Endocrine System
Endocrine System Ch. 51.
The Endocrine System.
Hormones.
LectureDate _______ Chapter 45 Chemical Signals in Animals.
Major Endocrine Organs
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 9 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
8 Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and Diseases The Endocrine.
The Endocrine System. Thyroid Gland  Found at the base of the throat  Consists of two lobes and a connecting isthmus  Produces two hormones.
Chapter 40 The endocrine system.
Chapter 45 Chemical Signals in Animals v=YI2qYRWzSZ4&featur e=related v=kIPYVV4aThM&featur e=related.
Hormones & The Endocrine Glands 10.1 & Hormones chemicals produced by cells in one part of the body that regulate processes in another part of.
The Endocrine System Human Physiology.
Biology, 9th ed, Sylvia Mader
Endocrine: Chemical Messages Hormones coordinate activities in different parts of the body Hormones coordinate activities in different parts of the body.
The endocrine system Advanced Health.
13/11/
Endocrine System.
Biology, 9th ed, Sylvia Mader
Endocrine System Chapter 10.
How our hormones function
Chapter 45 Endocrine System Chemical Signals in Animals.
The Endocrine System 16.
The Endocrine system.
Regulation and Control
Endocrine System Remember: Your nervous system senses impulses over a system of wire-like neurons that carry messages from one cell to another The term.
Presentation transcript:

Endocrine System Created By: Lauren Covey, Sophia Yang, Delaney Sullivan, Lena Tahir, Michael Chen

General Characteristics The main functioning unit of the endocrine system is the hormone. – Travels through interstitial fluid and blood to reach target cells. – Secreted by endocrine glands. Ex: Pituitary, Thyroid, etc.

Characteristics of Hormones Steroid hormones – Formed from cholesterol – Lipids – Doesn’t use second messengers to transmit signal to cell nucleus – Examples: Sex hormones, such as testosterone

Hormones (cont.) Nonsteroid hormones – Amines Derived from the amino acid thyrosine Ex: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine – Protein Long chains of amino acids Ex: PTH – Peptide Short chains of amino acids Ex: ADH – Glycoproteins Proteins and carbohydrates Ex: FSH

Hormone Action Steroid – Nonpolar, so are able to pass through cellular and nuclear membranes – Binds with receptors in the nucleus to activate the hormone-receptor complex, that activates certain sequences of DNA.

Hormone Action (cont.) Nonsteroid hormones – Polar substances – Make use of second messengers to relay message Most common is cAMP. Hormone → G-protein → Adenylate cyclase → cAMP cAMP activates protein kinases within the cytoplasm

Control Sources General method used is negative feedback – Although, oxytocin uses positive feedback Three methods of signaling hormone release: 1.Tropic Hormones from the pituitary and hypothalamus 2.Direct stimulation of the gland by the nervous system 3.Direct response to the surrounding conditions

Pituitary Gland Attached to the base of the hypothalamus Anterior: – Stimulated by tropic hormones from the hypothalamus – Hormones released include: GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, prolactin, LH Posterior: – Stimulated by direct nervous pathways from the hypothalamus – Hormones released include: ADH and oxytocin

Thyroid Gland Located at the base of the throat Stimulated by both TSH (T3 and T4) and the surrounding environment (calcitonin). Regulates metabolism Hormones secreted: T3, T4, calcitonin

Parathyroid Gland Located within the thyroid in patches Stimulates osteoclasts Hormones secreted: PTH PTH is released with low blood calcium levels – Releases calcium from bones into the blood stream – Antagonist to calcitonin

Adrenal Glands Located on top of the kidneys Cortex – Outer layer of Adrenal glands – Stimulated by ACTH – Reacts to long-term stress – Releases glucose into the blood stream over time – Hormones released: aldosterone, cortisol Aldosterone acts in the renin-angiotensin system Medulla – Inner section of adrenal glands – Stimulated by direct nervous connection to the brain – Responds to short term stress – Hormones released: epinephrine and norepinephrine

Pancreas Controls the glucose levels within the bloodstream Has small groups within called the Islets of Langerhans – Contain two types of secreting cells: Alpha – releases glucagon Beta – releases insulin

Pineal Gland Located in the third ventricle of the brain Stimulated by the interpretation of light levels outside the body Regulates the sleep/wake cycle of the body Hormones released: Melatonin

Thymus Posterior to the sternum and above the heart Largest in infants Regulates the development of white blood cells, and facilitates the growth of T-cells. Release hormones called thymosins.

Gonads Ovaries – Stimulated by LH and FSH – Produces estrogen, progesterone Testes – Produces testosterone

It sucks to get old Hormone levels decrease with age – GH production decreases dramatically Menopause is caused by lack of efficiency of the ovaries Blood glucose regulation becomes very inefficient.

Disorders of the Thyroid Gland Hyperthyroid – Graves Disease: Low TSH level and high Thyroxin level, autoimmune, Symptoms: irritation, bulging eyes (exophthalmia), feel warm Hypothyroid – Cretinism: developmental problems in infants, mental retardation – Goiters: lack of iodine in food supply, huge thyroid gland

Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex Cushing Syndrome: too much ACTH – Gain weight, moon face, thinning of hair, weakness of limbs Addison’s Disease: not enough ACTH, weakness, fatigue, anorexia, elevated red blood cell count,

Diseases of Pancreas Islets Diabetes I: inability to produce insulin, autoimmune disorder in which immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells Diabetes II: Excessive weight gain, cells lose the ability to respond to insulin because receptors are blocked