AFRICA AND AMERICA CHAPTER 4.3 AND 4.4 Objective: Describe life in Africa and the Americas during the high middle ages

Africa  Describe African cultures during the middle ages. Make sure to think about the different areas and their achievements or beliefs in areas such as: religion, agriculture, architecture, literature, trade networks, and science and technology. Make sure to think about the different areas and their achievements or beliefs in areas such as: religion, agriculture, architecture, literature, trade networks, and science and technology. Describe African cultures in a general manner. Describe African cultures in a general manner.

AFRICA – GHANA A.D. 200 –A.D  BECAME ONE OF THE RICHEST CIVILIZATIONS IN AFRICA DUE TO TRADING GOLD AND SALT  MUSLIM TRADERS FROM NORTH AFRICA TRADED CLOTH, METAL WARE, SWORDS, AND SALT  ISLAMIC IDEAS WERE BROUGHT IN WITH THE GOLD AND SALT TRADE  GHANA DECLINED TOWARDS THE END OF 1000 A.D. DUE TO ATTACKS BY MUSLIM GROUPS

AFRICA – MALI A.D  BY THE LATE A.D. 1200S MALI’S TERRITROY INCLUDED THE OLD KINGDOM OF GHANA  MALI’S GREATEST KING WAS MANSA MUSA—HE OPENED UP TRADE AND PROTECTED CARAVANS WITH A POWERFUL ARMY.  MUSA ALSO INTRODUCED ISLAMIC CULTURE TO MALI.  MUSA MADE A PILGRIMAGE TO MAKKAH IN AD 1324 AND BROUGHT BACK A SPANISH ARCHITECT TO BUILD GREAT MOSQUES IN THE CAPITAL OF TIMBUKTU.  ISLAM CONTRIBUTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING.

EAST AFRICA  The interior of Africa- ivory, gold, iron, and rhinoceros horn to trade with Indian cotton and silk and Chinese porcelain.  Blending of cultures -many converted to Islam, many began speaking Swahili, a Bantu language, and many developed Arabic form of writing.

Central and Southern Africa  Mined gold and copper  Traded with Eastern Africa for ivory and minerals  Europeans soon arrived to trade for gold, copper, and ivory—first encouraged and then discouraged.

Africa  Describe African cultures during the middle ages. Make sure to think about the different areas and their achievements or beliefs in areas such as: religion, agriculture, architecture, literature, trade networks, and science and technology. Make sure to think about the different areas and their achievements or beliefs in areas such as: religion, agriculture, architecture, literature, trade networks, and science and technology. Describe African cultures in a general manner. Describe African cultures in a general manner.

Americas  Describe the lifestyles of people living in the Americas during the middle ages. Make sure to focus on their advancements. Make sure to focus on their advancements. Housing, beliefs, etc. Housing, beliefs, etc.

AMERICAS-North America  From A.D to A.D. 1500, the population of the Americas increased as food supplies improved.  Around 30 million to 100 million Native American groups belonging to 2, 000 different groups were inhabiting the two continents of North and South America.  About 15 to 20 million lived in present day U.S. and Canada.

NORTH AMERICA  Style of housing depended on area of living. Pit houses in the Arctic, Adobe in the South West, tepees in Great Plains area, long houses in the Northeast.  Food- fish near water ways, buffalo in great plains area, variety of game, berries, wild onions, etc.  Clothing- hide from skins  Native Americans made use of every part of the animals they killed; ate the meat, wore the skins, used the bones as utensils or bowls, made tools out of bones and antlers, etc.

AZTEC-A.D declined in 1521  Migrated from the north into central Mexico.  Capital-Tenochtitlan- today it is called Mexico City. A great agricultural center and marketplace.  Built white stone pyramids, temples, and plazas, ball courts, and arsenals.  Organized as a hierarchy. Four classes-nobility, commoners, serfs, and slaves.  Borrowed religious ideas from the Mayans.

INCA AROUND A.D  Inca settled in Cuzco, and the empire eventually included all of present day Peru, much of Chile, and parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina.  Strong central government to control large area: military posts, tribute collections, and local work regulations.  Established imperial language to bind people together.  Emperor owned all land and regulated growing and distribution of foods.  Accomplishments-roads and suspension bridges  Believed in many gods and made human and animal sacrifices.  Inca Empire declined after the arrival of the Spanish in 1531.

Americas  Describe the lifestyles of people living in the Americas during the middle ages. Make sure to focus on their advancements. Make sure to focus on their advancements. Housing, beliefs, etc. Housing, beliefs, etc.