Imperialism Questions 1.Why did European countries go overseas? 2. Where did they go? 3. How did they justify taking over other countries? 4. What was the Berlin Conference? 5. Why did Europeans spread so easily into Africa? 6. What happened in South Africa? 7. What is the difference between the conquest of these areas in the 1500’s and the 1800’s? Pg 690 8. What are the four forms of Imperialism? Pg 690 9. Who was the only country to resist invaders? 10. What was the impact of Imperialism on Africa? 11. What happens to the Ottoman Empire? 12. Who controls India? Why is it called the Jewel in the Crown? 13. What happens when they rebel? 14. What do European countries want in South East Asia? 15. Who controls what in South East Asia? 16. What impact does colonization have on Asia? 17. What is the only country to keep independence? Why? 18. How does the U.S. gain Hawaii? Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines?

Imperialism Imperialism- Takeover of a nation or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life. Reasons- In search of natural resources and trade, economic competition Other forces- improved transportation, weapons, tech., cure for malaria, Africa is divided Cover-ups- Racism one race is superior Social Darwinism- those who were fit will succeed, the rich more developed countries deserve to rule Management- Paternalism- Telling colonies what is best for them, watch over them and take care of them. Assimilation- originally done by French- attempt to absorb the natives into their culture Direct vs indirect control

Africa Previous- some large empires with many groups down to very small political associations between villages, very traditional, many languages and people groups 1880’s- Spain, Britain, Germany, Italy, France, Belgium all claiming parts of Africa Berlin Conference- 14 European nations meet to divide Africa to avoid conflict Products- palm oil, peanuts, cocoa, rubber, copper, tin, gold, diamonds, cotton South Africa- fighting between British, Zulus and Boers Resistance- Ethiopia (only independent country) Algeria, west Africa (Toure), German east Africa

Impact Reduce local wars Economic expansion, sanitation, infrastructure, education Lost independence/ control of land- cash crops= no food New diseases Disruption of communities- lost customs, forced to move, lost native leaders Forced to work for Europeans Dividing Africa along unnatural borders- splitting groups and uniting rivals

Middle East Ottoman Empire shrinks to 1/3 of its original size Reforms fail Corruption/ weak leaders Europe wanted location/ land Russia wanted black sea (Crimean war) but lost Mediterranean control Lost most of East Europe Egypt- the Suez canal connects the Mediterranean and the Red Sea built with French money and Egyptian labor. Egypt cant pay debts taken over by British Persia Lost parts of territory to Russia British control of Afghanistan 1907 internal problems create collapse, Britain/ Russia divides

India 1700’s –1960’s The Raj- the British rule in India First controlled by the British East India Trading Co.- has its own standing army with Indian soldiers called sepoys- The British use India for resources, labor and trade. 1857- Sepoys revolt and the British tighten their control- Direct control- division between Muslims/ Hindus, bloodshed- creates mistrust/ dislike Late 1800s nationalist movement begins Impact- railway, used for transporting goods, supports economy, brings unity infrastructure- canals, roads, phones, bridges, etc Education, hospitals, sanitation Law and order Restricted Indian business, famines from cash crops, racism

South East Asia- Went in search for tropical goods/foods- sugar cane, coconuts, bananas, pineapple, rubber British establish a trading port in Singapore, (Maylay) Indonesia, Burma, Malaysia (Chinese immigration) French take over Indochina- Vietnam Siam- present day Thailand- maintains independence under King Mongkut Impact- infrastructure, schools, sanitation, economy/ cash crops, immigration changes populations America- late 1800s Fights the Spanish and gains control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Philippines continue to fight for independence under Emilio Aguinaldo. They take over Hawaii after pressure from the sugar cane plantation owners looking for better trade agreements. The last monarch of Hawaii is Queen Liliuokalani