Chapter Thirteen Congress.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Thirteen Congress

Congress The intent of the Framers: To oppose the concentration of power in a single institution To balance large and small states Bicameralism House of Representatives and Senate To avoid the tyranny of the majority, or populism They expected Congress to be the dominant institution Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Interpreting the Constitution of the United States Article I Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

This section provides for a BICAMERAL legislature, consisting of a Section 1: This section provides for a BICAMERAL legislature, consisting of a HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and SENATE. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

What are the terms of office of the House of Representatives? 2 years What are the terms of office of the House of Representatives? 2 years What are the terms of Senators? 6 years Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Section 2: Hilary, age 32, wants to run for office in the House of Representatives. Does the Constitution permit her to do so? YES THE MINIMUM AGE IS 25 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

In 1790, the state of Rhode Island had approximately 60,000 people. How many Representatives would Rhode Island have in the House according to the formula prescribed by the Constitution? 2 REPRESENTATIVES Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

We see that taxation based on population was removed by Amendment XVI We see that taxation based on population was removed by Amendment XVI. Rather than direct taxes being based on population, this amendment allows the national government to tax INCOME. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

IMPEACHMENT IS A TRIAL: PROSECUTOR, JUDGE, AND JURY How is the system of checks and balances represented in the “sole power” granted to the House of Representatives? SOLE POWER OF IMPEACHMENT OF EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL—CAN REMOVE FOR CAUSE IMPEACHMENT IS A TRIAL: PROSECUTOR, JUDGE, AND JURY Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

2 SENATORS PER STATE; ONE VOTE EACH Section 3: How can we see that representation in the Senate is equal among the states? 2 SENATORS PER STATE; ONE VOTE EACH Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Why does the Constitution break the Senate into three classes? ROTATING ELECTIONS TO PREVENT REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

NO, MUST BE AN INHABITANT OF STATE Jeff, a 37 year old tax attorney from New York, wishes to run for the Senate. He currently lives in Tampa, Florida. Is he allowed to run for Senator for New York? Why or why not? NO, MUST BE AN INHABITANT OF STATE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

THE VICE PRESIDENT AS PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE The Senate is voting for President Obama’s funding request for the bank bailout. There is an even split among the 100 senators. Who casts the final vote? THE VICE PRESIDENT AS PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

NO DECISIONS OF PEOPLE WITHOUT CONSENT OF STATES As a further “check,” what “sole power” is the Senate granted? Why do you think this is the case? SIT AS JURY ON IMPEACHMENT CASES; 2/3 NECESSARY TO REMOVE—CAN ONLY PUNISH BY REMOVAL FROM OFFICE, BUT IMPEACHED OFFICER MAY STILL BE LIABLE FOR CRIMES OR CIVIL ACTIONS. NO DECISIONS OF PEOPLE WITHOUT CONSENT OF STATES Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

TO INFORM PUBLIC, HOLD REPRESENTATIVES ACCOUNTABLE TO PEOPLE Section 5: Why does the Constitution require that each house publish a journal of its proceedings that is to include the voting record of each of its members? TO INFORM PUBLIC, HOLD REPRESENTATIVES ACCOUNTABLE TO PEOPLE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Do members of Congress receive a salary? If so, who pays? Section 6: Do members of Congress receive a salary? If so, who pays? YES, THE US TREASURY -- $6 A DAY, NOW $174,000 A YEAR WITH $400,000 ALLOWANCES ORIGINALLY $6 A DAY Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PEOPLE Section 7: All tax bills must originate in the HOUSE Why do you think that this is the case? REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PEOPLE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

OVERRIDE WITH 2/3DS OF BOTH HOUSES The House of Representatives proposes a bill that would provide all Americans with health insurance. The Senate approves the bill and passes it to the President. The President disagrees with the bill and vetoes it. What must occur in order for the health insurance bill to become a law? OVERRIDE WITH 2/3DS OF BOTH HOUSES Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Section 8: What are three powers granted to Congress that helped to stabilize the nation’s economy? TAX BORROW MONEY REGULATE COMMERCE COIN MONEY GIVE PATENTS Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

DEFINE AND PUNISH CRIMES ON HIGH SEAS DECLARE WAR What are three powers granted to Congress that provided for the “common defense” of the nation? DEFINE AND PUNISH CRIMES ON HIGH SEAS DECLARE WAR MAINTAIN NAVY AND ARMY CALL UP MILITIA Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

What clause allows Congress to go beyond its enumerated powers? NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

How is Section 9 different from Section 8? RESTRICTIONS ON LEGISLATURE Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

What are four powers denied to Congress? RESTRICT SLAVE TRADE TIL 1808 SUSPEND HABEAS CORPUS UNLESS PUBLIC SAFETY NO ATTAINDER (GROUP GUILTY WITHOUT TRIAL) NO EX POST FACTO LAW NO INTERSTATE TARIFFS NO PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT TO ANY STATE NO TITLES OF NOBILITY Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

EXPLICIT LIMITATIONS OF THE POWERS OF THE STATES Section 10: It can be said that federalism is most noticeable in Article I, Section 10. Explain. EXPLICIT LIMITATIONS OF THE POWERS OF THE STATES Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

NO, CANNOT ENTER INTO AGREEMENT WITH ANOTHER STATE OR FOREIGN POWER The states of California and New York have decided to protest U.S. involvement in Afghanistan. They create the “Alliance for Afghan Liberation,” refusing to acknowledge the power of the national government so long as President Obama insists on keeping troops in Iraq. Do California and New York have the right to create such an alliance? Explain. NO, CANNOT ENTER INTO AGREEMENT WITH ANOTHER STATE OR FOREIGN POWER Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.