History of Drama Final Exam Review.

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Presentation transcript:

History of Drama Final Exam Review

Hebrew/Egyptian Drama Egyptian drama dates back to 3000 B.C. Drama means “to do” or “to act” Egyptian Drama revolved around religion

5 Types of Plays Medicinal Play-play about healing The Heb Sed was a play celebrating the pharaoh's 30th year on the throne Coronation Festival celebrated the crowning of a pharaoh Isis, Osiris, and Set were the main characters in the Abydos Passion Play Pyramid Plays-done to ensure safe passage into afterlife.

Hebrew Drama Job and Song of Songs both have dramatic structure God and the devil are the first speakers in the book of Job. No reference to definite theatre in Bible

Staging Blocking—the director’s planned movement for the actors Stage Directions—usually included in the script, the entrances, exits, and some movements or expressions for the characters

Staging: Body Positions

Greek Drama Golden Age of Greek Drama: 500-400 B.C. Drama was sacred and religious in Greek culture. Tragedy literally means “goat song” Hubris is defined as excessive amounts of pride or arrogance Deus ex machina is a machine used to fly in a god to “save the day” Winners of the Dionysus festival won an ivy wreath

Costuming Robes Raised Boots Wigs Masks

Greek Chorus Sang in unison Wore masks Changed in number depending on the playwright Were constantly on stage

Greek gods Dionysus-god of wine, drama, and fertility Zeus-king of the gods

Greek Playwrights Sophocles wrote Oedipus Aeschylus-the Father of Greek Tragedy Euripides is known as “The Great Humanizer” Aristotle-wrote rules of drama called The Three Unities

Theatron “Seeing Place” Audience Orchestra Altar Paraskenion Skene

Roman Drama-Terms Acted on a raised stage called a pulpitum Closet dramas were too graphic to be shown on stage. A claque was a person paid to influence the audience Romans focused on comedy in their plays.

Roman Playwrights Terence-first black playwright Seneca-only major tragedian Plautus-used Greek plays

Roman Theatre’s Decline Spectacles in the Coliseum and the fall of Rome in 476 A.D. lead to the fall of Roman Drama. Theatres were banned

Hindu Drama Golden Age 500-300 B.C. Plays written in Sanskrit First culture to promote women actors Always ended happily

Chinese Drama Themes of ancestor worship, military glory, faithfulness to husband Women were forbidden to act until the 18th century Costume colors signified a meaning

Propaganda Period Propaganda period began after WWII Plays were used to promote government policy and Communism

Japanese Drama: Noh Formal Characterized by sedate postures expressing an attitude Polished floor with jars underneath for a unique sound

Japanese Drama:Kubuki Common man’s drama Began in 1600 A.D. Every movement has a meaning

Kabuki Theatre Trap Door Revolving Stage Extravagant Scenery A “flowerway” for actors to enter

Kabuki Costumes Silk Costumes Thick Makeup Heavy Wigs

Medieval Drama Also called Dark Ages because of the lack of culture and growth after the fall of Rome

Medieval Terms Trope-short dramas turned into masses by the church Hell’s Mouth was a stage device—a dragon jaw that would open with smoke and flames Passion Play—Started in Oberammergau—depicted the life of Christ Commedia dell’ Arte-professional improv

Pageant Wagon Plays performed in “cycles” Double-Decker Bottom used for costume changes Similar to parade floats Action on upper stage and on the street

The M’s Mummings Mystery Morality (Everyman) Miracle Manners

Elizabethan Theatres Famous Theatres: Globe, The Rose, The Swan—nicknamed “Wooden O’s”

Elizabethan Staging Balcony (for love scenes) Tiring House (for exits) Discovery Space (Small interior settings) Platform surrounded by audience on three-sides Open air for light—no artificial lighting used

Groundlings “Cheap Seats” People stood in the space right in front of the stage For everyday citizens (all were welcome to the theatre)

Famous Playwrights Christopher Marlowe—killed in a bar brawl at 29 Ben Johnson—gifted in Satire William Shakespeare—coined thousands of words and phrases; born in Stratford-on- Avon; had a wife and three kids; loved by Queen Elizabeth; 38 plays attributed to him