FIRST AID Chapter 35

What’s Going Down First Aid? EMS Good Samaritan Plan Universal Precautions Primary Concerns Secondary Concerns Types of Injuries Treatment

FIRST AID The immediate, temporary care given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided.

E M S Emergency Medical Services Doctors Nurses First Responders EMT’s 911 Dispatcher Police Firemen

Y O U !!!

Your Role in the EMS System Recognize that an emergency exists Decide to act Call 911 Provide care until help arrives

Acts reasonable and prudent. Good Samaritan Law Legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured persons. Acts reasonable and prudent.

Plan Three C’s: Check Call Care

Check Is the scene safe? What happened? How many victims are involved? Can bystanders help?

WARNING DO NOT MOVE A VICTIM UNLESS THEY ARE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER!

Call 911 Emergency phone numbers Info for Dispatcher Exact location Telephone # What happened # of victims Condition of victim(s) What help is being given

Universal Precautions (BSI) Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating all blood and other body fluids as if they contained pathogens. Gloves Face Shields Masks Gowns

Care Get permission to help victim Care for life-threatening emergencies 1st Calm / reassure victim Watch for changes in victims breathing Help victim rest comfortably

Wash Yo' Nasty Hands

Primary Concerns Breathing Signs of Circulation Bleeding

Open Wounds Abrasion: scrape – damage to the outer layer of skin Laceration: cut – caused by a sharp edge objects (knife, glass) Puncture: wound caused when pointed object pierces skin (pin, nail) Avulsion: results when tissue is separated partly from person’s body

First Aid for Bleeding Stop the bleeding Protect the wound Direct pressure, pressure points, elevate Protect the wound Treat for shock Get Help

Shock Failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulation to the vital organs of the body. Keep victim calm, lie them down, maintain normal body temperature, get medical help ASAP. Elevate legs if possible.

Secondary Concerns Burns Nosebleeds Frostbite Heat Emergencies Snakebites Fractures Sprains Unconsciousness Concussion

Burns First Degree Superficial burns, top layer of skin. Ex. sunburn Tx: Cool water Second Degree Several layers of skin involved Blisters Tx: Cool water. Beware of infection around broken blisters

Third Degree Burns Most serious type of burn Can destroy all layers of skin as well as nerves, muscles, fat and bones. The burn will look black or brown (red and white). Tx: Do not clean burned area. Cover with clean cloth and get help ASAP. Watch for breathing.

Frostbite Don’t rub the area. Soak area in warm water. Bandage the injured part, placing sheets of gauze between the warmed fingers and toes. Seek professional help.

Heat Emergencies HEATSTROKE Look for lack of perspiration and vomiting, confusion, irregular pulse. Victim may lose consciousness. *Get victim to a cool area. *Place icepacks around the neck, groin and under the arms. *Get medical help. HEAT CRAMPS Move victim out of the heat. Apply pressure to the cramped area. Give the victim sips of water or a sports drink.

Snakebites Go to hospital/call for help Keep bitten area below the heart No cold! No alcohol, sedatives or aspirin! Watch breathing.

FRACTURES Keep the bone ends from moving. (splint, rolled newspapers, cardboard) Don’t try to set the bone. Seek medical help immediately.

SPRAINS REST ICE COMPRESSION ELEVATION R I C E

Unconsciousness Concussion Condition in which a person is not alert and aware of his or her surroundings (Fainting) Tx: Lie victim down, elevate legs, seek help. Monitor breathing & circulation Concussion A jarring injury to the brain that affects normal brain function. Tx: Monitor breathing, heart rate, seek help

Basic Wound Care

Practice

Remember when your mom told you not to run with the scissors and forks