Chapter 5 Integument

Hair Follicle Review

Nails Scale-like modifications of epidermis that forms clear protective covering on dorsal surface of distal portion of finger and toe Hard Keratin Refer to Picture

Sweat Glands Apocrine – armpits, groin, associated with a hair follicle Eccrine- most numerous, found on palms and feet Sweat- 99% water Modifications- mammary glands (milk)

Cutaneous Sensation Skin is richly supplied with cutaneous sensory receptors that are a part of the nervous system Respond to stimuli happening outside the body

Examples Meissner’s corpuscles & Merkel Discs – Allow us to feel our clothing moving against our skin Pacinian receptors- alert us to bumps or contacts that involve deep pressure

Skin Disorders The skin can develop more than 1000 different conditions and ailments Most Common: bacterial, viral, or yeast infections

Skin Cancer Main cause is from overexposure to UV rays from the sun 3 Types: – 1. Basal Cell Carcinoma – 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma – 3. Melanoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma Most Common (Over 30% of white people get this in their lifetime) Least Malignant Slow growing

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arises from the keratinocytes Scaly reddened elevation that arises most often on the head (scalp, ears, and lower lip), and hands Grows rapidly

Melanoma Cancer of the melanocytes Most dangerous skin cancer Least common- only about 5% Can occur wherever there is pigment Key to surviving is Early Detection

ABCD RULE A= Asymmetry (sides do not match) B= Border irregularity (rough border) C= Color (several colors) D= Diameter (larger than 6 mm) E= elevation (above skin surface)

BURNS Partial Thickness Burns – 1 st Degree – 2 nd Degree Full Thickness Burns – 3 rd Degree

Partial Thickness Burns 1 st Degree – Characteristics- only epidermis is damaged, a sunburn is usually 1 st degree burn – Treatments- usually heal in 2 to 3 days without special treatment – Complications- redness, swelling, pain

Partial Thickness Burns (Cont) 2 nd Degree – Characteristics- injures the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis – Treatments- skin regeneration will occur within 3 to 4 weeks if care is taken to prevent infection – Complications- symptoms same as 1 st degree with blisters also appearing

Full Thickness Burns 3 rd Degree – Characteristics- burns entire thickness of the skin – Treatments- skin grafting is usually necessary to prevent fluid loss and infection – Complications- area will appear gray-white, cherry red, or blackened; nerve endings have been destroyed so it is not painful